A light-emitting device with high resistance to heat in a fabrication process is provided. The light-emitting device includes an EL layer between an anode and a cathode. The EL layer includes at least a light-emitting layer and an electron-transport layer that includes a first electron-transport layer in contact with the light-emitting layer and a second electron-transport layer in contact with the first electron-transport layer. The first electron-transport layer includes a first heteroaromatic compound including at least one heteroaromatic ring. The second electron-transport layer includes a second heteroaromatic compound that includes at least one heteroaromatic ring and is different from the first heteroaromatic compound. The first heteroaromatic compound has a difference of 20° C. or less between the crystallization temperature (Tpc) of a powder state and the crystallization temperature (Ttc) of a thin film state. The second heteroaromatic compound has a difference of 100° C. or less between Tpc and Ttc.

Provided are iridium complexes having a ligand L.sub.A of Formula I

##STR00001##

Also provided are formulations comprising these iridium complexes. Further provided are OLEDs and related consumer products that utilize these iridium complexes.

The present invention relates to a metal iridium complex and application thereof. The metal iridium complex has a structure as shown in the following formula (I). The compound provided in the present invention has the advantages of low sublimation temperature, great optical and electrical stability, high luminescence efficiency, long service life, and high color saturation, and can be used in organic light-emitting devices. In particular, the complex has the potential for application in the AMOLED industry as a red light-emitting phosphorescent material.

##STR00001##

Provided is an organometallic complex represented by general formula (1) below.

##STR00001##

In formula (1), X.sub.1 to X.sub.3 are each independently selected from a carbon atom and a nitrogen atom, and at least one of X.sub.1 to X.sub.3 is a nitrogen atom. The carbon atom has a hydrogen atom or a substituent. Y is an aryl group or a heterocyclic group. L is a bidentate ligand. When a plurality of L's are present, the plurality of L's may be the same or different. M is a metal atom selected from Ir, Pt, Rh, Os, and Zn. m represents an integer of 1 to 3, and n represents an integer of 0 to 2. R.sub.1 to R.sub.5 each represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.

Provided is a process for preparation of a compound of Formula 1 ##STR00001##
where, ring Y and ring Z are each independently a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring; Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are each independently C or N; each R.sup.Y and R.sup.Z independently represents mono to the maximum possible number of substitutions, or no substitution; x=1, 2, or 3; y=0, 1, or 2; and x+y=3. Disclosed is a chemical synthesis process that involves contacting a compound of Formula 2 ##STR00002##
with a compound of Formula 3 ##STR00003##
in an organic solvent to yield a compound of Formula 1 ##STR00004##

This invention discloses oligosilane compounds. These compounds can be used in OLEDs.

Tridentate platinum, palladium, and gold complexes of Formulas A-I and A-II and tridentate iridium and rhodium compounds of Formulas B-I, B-II, and B-III suitable for delayed fluorescent and phosphorescent or phosphorescent emitters in display and lighting applications.

##STR00001##

A compound including a bidentate ligand L.sub.A comprising a structure of Formula I,

##STR00001##

is disclosed. In Formula I, ring A′ is a 7-, 8-, or 9-membered ring structure; X is of NR.sup.2, O, CR, CRR′, S, or SiRR′; each of R.sup.A′, R.sup.1, and R.sup.2 is independently hydrogen or a substituent; R.sup.1′ is independently absent or a hydrogen or a substituent; any two adjacent R.sup.A′, R.sup.1, R.sup.1′, and R.sup.2 can be joined or fused to form a ring; the ligand L.sub.A is coordinated to a metal, which is selected from Os, Ir, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, or Au; and (1) at least one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is coordinated to the metal M, or (2) at least one R.sup.A′ comprises a 5- or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring that is not directly fused to Ring A′ and is coordinated to the metal M, or both (1) and (2) are true. Formulations, devices, and consumer products including the compound are also disclosed.

Provided are compounds capable of functioning as an emitter in an organic light emitting device at room temperature, and the compounds are at least 40% deuterated. Also provided are their uses in OLED related electronic devices.

An organometallic compound, represented by Formula 1:

M.sub.1(Ln.sub.1).sub.n1(Ln.sub.2).sub.n2  Formula 1

wherein, in Formula 1, M.sub.1 is a transition metal, Ln.sub.1 is a ligand represented by Formula 1A, Ln.sub.2 is a ligand represented by Formula 1B, n1 is 1 or 2, and n2 is 1 or 2:

##STR00001##

wherein, in Formulae 1A, 1B, CY.sub.1, CY.sub.2, CY.sub.4, X.sub.1, X.sub.2, Y.sub.1, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.10, R.sub.20, R.sub.40, R.sub.31, R.sub.32, R.sub.33, R.sub.34, R.sub.40, b10, b20, and b40 are as provided herein, and wherein * and * each indicate a binding site to M.sub.1.