Iridium, rhodium, and platinum complexes suitable for use as phosphorescent emitters or as delayed fluorescent and phosphorescent emitters having the following structures:

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A composition is provided in which a phosphorescent compound represented by formula (1) and a host material are blended with each other. The amount of chlorine atoms contained as impurities in the phosphorescent compound is 3.5 ppm by mass or less with respect to the total amount of solid contents blended in the composition

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In Formula (1), M.sup.1 represents an iridium atom; n.sup.1 represents an integer of 1 or more, n.sup.2 represents an integer of 0 or more, n.sup.1+n.sup.2 is 2 or 3; E.sup.1 and E.sup.2 represent a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom; R.sup.1 ring represents a 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring and R.sup.2 ring represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring; A.sup.1-G.sup.1-A.sup.2 represents an anionic bidentate ligand; A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 represent a nitrogen atom; and G.sup.1 represents a single bond.

Metal complexes such as those of formula (I) are contemplated by the present invention. The metal complexes may be used in catalytic reactions as a catalyst. The catalytic reaction may be an autotransfer process, for example hydrogen borrowing.

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A composition containing phosphorescent compounds represented by formula (1) and formula (2) are provided.

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M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 each represent an iridium atom, n.sup.1 and n.sup.3 each denote an integer of 1 or more; n and n.sup.4 each denote an integer of 0 or more, n.sup.1+n.sup.2 and n.sup.3+n.sup.4 are each 2 or 3, E.sup.L represents a hydrogen atom or a nitrogen atom, R.sup.2 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, E.sup.1, E.sup.2, E.sup.11A, and E.sup.12A represent a nitrogen atom, R.sup.11A, R.sup.12A, and R.sup.13A represent an aryl group, ring L.sup.1 represents a 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring, ring L.sup.2 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, at least ring L.sup.1 or ring L.sup.2 has a group represented by formula (1-T), A.sup.1-G.sup.1-A.sup.2 and A.sup.3-G.sup.2-A.sup.4 each represent an anionic bidentate ligand, A.sup.1, A.sup.2, A.sup.3 and A.sup.4 each represent a nitrogen atom, G.sup.1 and G.sup.2 each represent a single bond, and R.sup.1T represents an alkyl group.

R.sup.1T(1-T)

The production of 2-propylheptanol described here is effected via Rh-catalyzed hydroformylation of C.sub.4-olefin to afford C.sub.5-aldehyde, aldol condensation to afford the C.sub.10-aldehyde and hydrogenation to afford the C.sub.10-alcohol. The emphasis is on the hydroformylation and the ligand employed therein. The problem addressed by the invention is that of reducing the costs of 2PH production. This problem is solved when a cheaper catalyst system which simultaneously achieves a better regioselectivity is employed in the hydroformylation. This catalyst system contains rhodium as the central atom and is complexed with the ligand (1):

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The present invention includes novel hexadentate metal complexes. The complexes hexadentate ligands of the present invention may be useful as improved emitters in an OLED device.

In one aspect, phosphine compounds comprising three adamantyl moieties (PAd.sub.3) and associated synthetic routes are described herein. Each adamantyl moiety may be the same or different. For example, each adamantyl moiety (Ad) attached to the phosphorus atom can be independently selected from the group consisting of adamantane, diamantane, triamantane and derivatives thereof. Transition metal complexes comprising PAd.sub.3 ligands are also provided for catalytic synthesis including catalytic cross-coupling reactions.

Tridentate platinum, palladium, and gold complexes of Formulas A-I and A-II and tridentate iridium and rhodium compounds of Formulas B-I, B-II, and B-III suitable for delayed fluorescent and phosphorescent or phosphorescent emitters in display and lighting applications. ##STR00001##

Provided is a metal complex as represented by formula I. The metal complex may be used as a catalyst for asymmetric catalytic hydrogenation, is capable of efficiently catalyzing and synthesizing a series of chiral p-aryl amides having high optical purity, and is especially capable of asymmetrically catalyzing and hydrogenating a tetra-substituted enamide compound, chiral amides having high optical purity are synthesized, and the carrying amount of ligand may reach 100,000. ##STR00001##

Catalysts prepared from abundant, cost effective metals, such as cobalt, nickel, chromium, manganese, iron, and copper, and containing one or more neutrally charged ligands (e.g., monodentate, bidentate, and/or polydentate ligands) and methods of making and using thereof are described herein. Exemplary ligands include, but are not limited to, phosphine ligands, nitrogen-based ligands, sulfur-based ligands, and/or arsenic-based ligands. In some embodiments, the catalyst is a cobalt-based catalyst or a nickel-based catalyst. The catalysts described herein are stable and active at neutral pH and in a wide range of buffers that are both weak and strong proton acceptors. While its activity is slightly lower than state of the art cobalt-based water oxidation catalysts under some conditions, it is capable of sustaining electrolysis at high applied potentials without a significant degradation in catalytic current. This enhanced robustness gives it an advantage in industrial and large-scale water electrolysis schemes.