A new class of paromomycin-derived aminoglycosides, which exhibit efficient stop-codon mutation suppression activity, low toxicity and high selectivity towards eukaryotic cells are provided. Also provided are chemical and chemo-enzymatic processes of preparing these paromomycin-derived aminoglycosides and intermediates thereof, as well as pharmaceutical compositions containing the same, and uses thereof in the treatment of genetic disorders.

The present disclosure relates to novel methods for preparing antibacterial aminoglycoside compounds and the compounds used in such preparations.

The present disclosure relates to novel methods for preparing antibacterial aminoglycoside compounds and the compounds used in such preparations.

Disclosed in the present disclosure are methods for enzymatic production of glucosamine salts and the purification methods thereof, and belongs to the technical field of biological engineering. In the present disclosure, liquid containing N-acetylglucosamine is used as a raw material, subjected to hydrolysis with deacetylase to obtain glucosamine and acetic acid, and followed by elution on a cation exchange column with an acidic eluent and separation to obtain the glucosamine salt. Meanwhile, a by-product, namely sodium acetate, is recovered by anion exchange. The obtained glucosamine salt is subjected to concentration, crystallization, decolorization, and drying to obtain a high-purity glucosamine salt crystal. According to the present disclosure, processes for recycling of an enzyme, a residual substrate, and acetic acid are combined. Moreover, the loss rate of resin is low under operation conditions at room temperature, and the production of a hydrochloric acid waste liquid is extremely low.

Disclosed in the present disclosure are methods for enzymatic production of glucosamine salts and the purification methods thereof, and belongs to the technical field of biological engineering. In the present disclosure, liquid containing N-acetylglucosamine is used as a raw material, subjected to hydrolysis with deacetylase to obtain glucosamine and acetic acid, and followed by elution on a cation exchange column with an acidic eluent and separation to obtain the glucosamine salt. Meanwhile, a by-product, namely sodium acetate, is recovered by anion exchange. The obtained glucosamine salt is subjected to concentration, crystallization, decolorization, and drying to obtain a high-purity glucosamine salt crystal. According to the present disclosure, processes for recycling of an enzyme, a residual substrate, and acetic acid are combined. Moreover, the loss rate of resin is low under operation conditions at room temperature, and the production of a hydrochloric acid waste liquid is extremely low.

There is disclosed herein compositions, methods, uses and systems for reducing pain in a patient that emanates from a body area, preferably spine or joint. Methods of treatment or prevention are described for a disease or condition selected from degenerative disc disease, disc injury, pain, arthritis, or suspected arthritis.

There is disclosed herein compositions, methods, uses and systems for reducing pain in a patient that emanates from a body area, preferably spine or joint. Methods of treatment or prevention are described for a disease or condition selected from degenerative disc disease, disc injury, pain, arthritis, or suspected arthritis.

The invention relates to a mixture of human milk oligosaccharides that consists essentially of: a) a component A which is 3-FL or DFL, a component B which is LNT, LNnT, LNFP-I or 2′-FL, a component C, which is LNFP-II when component B is LNT, or LNFP-III when component B is LNnT, or LNDFH-I when component B is LNFP-I, or DFL when component B is 2′-FL, and a component D, which is lactose when component A is 3-FL, or 2′-FL when component A is DFL, with the proviso that if component B is 2′-FL, then component A is 3-FL; or consists essentially of: b) 3-FL, a component E which is LNT, LNnT or LNFP-I, and a component F, which is LNFP-II when component E is LNT, or LNFP-III when component E is LNnT, or LNDFH-I when component E is LNFP-I,
and to processes for producing them and their uses.

The present disclosure provides nucleoside compounds and oligonucleotides including an unnatural 6-amino-2-pyridone heterocyclic base where the 6-amino and 2-positions are protected. The 2-position of the heterocyclic base can be protected with an acyl-oxy-methyl protecting group. In some embodiments, the protected heterocyclic base has the following structure where AcOM is an acetyl-oxy-methyl group and R is a ribose or deoxyribose sugar: ##STR00001## Methods for synthesizing an oligonucleotide are provided in which the subject compounds find use. The method can include protecting an unnatural (e.g., Z) nucleotide with an acetyl-oxy-methyl group; incorporating the protected unnatural nucleotide into a nucleotide sequence on a solid support; and removing the acetyl-oxy-methyl group from the unnatural nucleotide incorporated into the nucleotide sequence. The compounds and methods find use in the synthesis of long oligonucleotides including Z nucleotides.

The invention relates to methods and compositions for the production of fucosylated oligosaccharides.