Provided herein are novel sugar derivatives which are intermediates for preparing senolytic agents that selectively kill senescent cells associated with numerous pathologies and diseases, including age-related pathologies and diseases.

The present disclosure discloses a method for preparation of derivatives of gram-positive bacteria surface capsular polysaccharide, and belongs to the field of carbohydrate chemistry. The present disclosure takes glucose as a glycosyl donor to obtain a target β-glucosidic bond, then successfully synthesizes a disaccharide building block through a method of redox of a glucose C-2 site, and then takes the disaccharide building block as a repeat unit to synthesize a target oligosaccharide structure such as a derivative [.fwdarw.3)-α-D-Manp-(1.fwdarw.4)-β-D-Rhap-(1.fwdarw.].sub.5-Linker of gram-positive bacteria cell wall capsular polysaccharide. A reduction end of decose is linked with a linker to be linked with a protein to make glycoconjugates for immunological studies. The method provided by the present disclosure is simple, time-saving, labor-saving and low-cost, and the resultant derivatives of the gram-positive bacteria surface capsular polysaccharide may be used for development and preparation of medicine related to autism.

Methods of carbohydrate acetylation are disclosed. A method may include adding a carbohydrate to a reaction vessel, adding poly-4-vinylpyriding (P4VP) to the reaction vessel, adding a bio-derived solvent to the reaction vessel, adding acetic anhydride (Ac20) to the reaction vessel, and adding a catalyst to the reaction vessel. The bio-derived solvent may be 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF). A catalyst may also be added to the reaction vessel.

The present application provides methods of functionalizing an organ or tissue of a mammal by administering a nutrient (e.g., peracetylated N-azido galactosamine Ac4GalNAz) to the mammal or by culturing an organ or tissue in a bioreactor containing such nutrient. The present application also provides methods of selectively functionalizing extracellular matrix (ECM) of an organ or tissue of a mammal by administering a nutrient (e.g., peracetylated N-azido galactosamine Ac4GalNAz) to the mammal. In some aspects, the present application provides a decellularized scaffold of a mammalian organ or tissue comprising an extracellular matrix, wherein the extracellular matrix of the decellularized scaffold is functionalized with a chemical group that is reactive in a bioorthogonal chemical reaction, such as an azide chemical group. The present application also provides biological prosthetic mesh and mammalian organs and tissues for transplantation prepared according to the methods of the application.

The present application provides methods of functionalizing an organ or tissue of a mammal by administering a nutrient (e.g., peracetylated N-azido galactosamine Ac4GalNAz) to the mammal or by culturing an organ or tissue in a bioreactor containing such nutrient. The present application also provides methods of selectively functionalizing extracellular matrix (ECM) of an organ or tissue of a mammal by administering a nutrient (e.g., peracetylated N-azido galactosamine Ac4GalNAz) to the mammal. In some aspects, the present application provides a decellularized scaffold of a mammalian organ or tissue comprising an extracellular matrix, wherein the extracellular matrix of the decellularized scaffold is functionalized with a chemical group that is reactive in a bioorthogonal chemical reaction, such as an azide chemical group. The present application also provides biological prosthetic mesh and mammalian organs and tissues for transplantation prepared according to the methods of the application.

The present invention provides a method of treating sepsis in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of the formula wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be H, OH, protonated phosphate, a phosphate salt, a sugar phosphonate, or a mono-, di- or poly-saccharide, R.sub.3 may be OH or a mono-, di- or poly-saccharide, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 may be an alkyl or alkenyl chain of up to 13 carbons (for a chain of 16 carbons), and R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10 and R.sub.11 may be H, OH, or an alkyl or alkenyl ester of up to 16 carbons, or a salt thereof.

A process and materials method for making a glucose tetraester may include reacting glucose with a carboxylic acid to create a glucose pentaester. The glucose pentaester was reacted with a basic reagent to create a glucose tetraester. Glucose was reacted with a carboxylic acid anhydride in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine to create a glucose pentaester product. The glucose pentaester reaction product was separated. The glucose pentaester reaction product was reacted with a basic reagent, wherein the reaction steps may take place at a temperature of about 0° C. to about 60° C. and about ambient pressure, wherein the ratio of the carboxylic acid to the glucose was from about 5:1 to about 50:1, and wherein the ratio of the glucose pentaester to the basic reagent was from about 1:50 to about 1:150.

A process and materials method for making a glucose tetraester may include reacting glucose with a carboxylic acid to create a glucose pentaester. The glucose pentaester was reacted with a basic reagent to create a glucose tetraester. Glucose was reacted with a carboxylic acid anhydride in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine to create a glucose pentaester product. The glucose pentaester reaction product was separated. The glucose pentaester reaction product was reacted with a basic reagent, wherein the reaction steps may take place at a temperature of about 0° C. to about 60° C. and about ambient pressure, wherein the ratio of the carboxylic acid to the glucose was from about 5:1 to about 50:1, and wherein the ratio of the glucose pentaester to the basic reagent was from about 1:50 to about 1:150.

The disclosure relates to a method for separation and purification of N-acetyl-glucosamine, and belongs to the technical field of biological engineering. In the disclosure, a raw material solution containing N-acetyl-glucosamine is obtained by microbial fermentation or by hydrolyzing the chitin. The raw material solution is subjected to flocculation pretreatment, and continuous centrifugation or pressure filtration is performed to remove suspended solids such as microorganisms, proteins and polysaccharides to obtain clear liquid. Double-stage ion exchange chromatography is performed to remove impurities such as charged organic molecules and inorganic salts. Membrane concentration is performed to efficiently remove water to improve the concentration of the target product. Spray drying or further evaporation concentration and crystallization are performed. Finally drying is performed to obtain an N-acetyl-glucosamine crystal of which the purity is more than 99%.

A .sup.99mTc-labeled isonitrile-containing glucose derivative having the general formula [.sup.99mTc-(CNDG).sub.6].sup.+, preparation method and use thereof is disclosed herein. The derivative is centered on .sup.99mTc.sup.+, and the carbon atom of the isonitrile in CNDG coordinates with .sup.99mTc(I) to form a hexacoordinated complex [.sup.99mTc-(CNDG).sub.6].sup.+. The [.sup.99mTc-(CNDG).sub.6].sup.+ derivative was obtained by the synthesis of the ligand CNDG and the preparation of the lyophilized CNDG kit. The derivative of this disclosure has good stability, simple preparation, high uptake and good retention at a tumor site, and high tumor/non-target ratio, and it is a novel .sup.99mTc-labeled isonitrile-containing glucose derivative with excellent performance for tumor imaging. The derivative of this disclosure is advantageous for popularization and application.