The invention relates to crystalline polymorphs of lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) and methods for making the same for use in pharmaceutical compositions, nutritional formulations and food supplements.

The invention relates to crystalline polymorphs of lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) and methods for making the same for use in pharmaceutical compositions, nutritional formulations and food supplements.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel compound having an antioxidant effect and a technique of using the novel compound. The above object is achieved by providing a compound represented by the following formula (1):

##STR00001##

wherein any one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 is hydrogen, an acetyl group, a 2-butenoyl group, or a 2-methyl-2-pentenoyl group, each of the other two of R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 is hydrogen, any one of R.sup.4 to R.sup.6 is a 2-methyl-2-butenoyl group, and each of the other two of R.sup.4 to R.sup.6 is hydrogen.

The current invention concerns methods for the synthesis of 6-azido-6-deoxy-2-N-acetyl-monosaccharide-nucleoside diphosphate, in particular 6-azido-6-deoxy-2-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-nucleoside diphosphate or 6-azido-6-deoxy-2-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-nucleoside diphosphate. The synthesis method according to the invention is characterized by being highly efficient and high yielding. Also part of the present invention are key intermediates of this process.

The present invention concerns an efficient way to isolate L-fucose from a fermentation broth. The L-fucose contained in the fermentation broth is produced by microbial fermentation (bacterial or yeasts). The inventive process comprises a step of removing biomass from the fermentation broth, a step of subjecting the resulting solution to at least one of a cationic ion exchanger treatment and an anionic ion exchanger treatment and a step of removing salts after the ion exchanger treatment. The process can provide L-fucose in powder form, in granulated form as well as in form of L-fucose crystals.

Novel compounds and compositions containing (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate derivatives are disclosed. The compounds and compositions can be used as nutritional supplements to increase physical performance and as therapeutics to ameliorate symptoms of medical conditions, particularly neurological conditions, such as Alzheimer's and similar conditions. Novel methods for making R-3-hydroxybutyrate derivatives also are disclosed. Exemplary methods employ a supercritical solvent, such as supercritical carbon dioxide, and employ a lipase catalyzed esterification or transesterification reaction to produce the (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate derivatives.

Novel compounds and compositions containing (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate derivatives are disclosed. The compounds and compositions can be used as nutritional supplements to increase physical performance and as therapeutics to ameliorate symptoms of medical conditions, particularly neurological conditions, such as Alzheimer's and similar conditions. Novel methods for making R-3-hydroxybutyrate derivatives also are disclosed. Exemplary methods employ a supercritical solvent, such as supercritical carbon dioxide, and employ a lipase catalyzed esterification or transesterification reaction to produce the (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate derivatives.

New 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-sialic acids and 2,7-anhydro-sialic acids, which are useful as sialidase inhibitors, and enzymatic methods for preparing them are disclosed. The methods include forming a reaction mixture comprising a glycoside acceptor, a sialic acid donor, and a sialyltransferase; maintaining the reaction mixture under conditions sufficient to form a sialoside; and contacting the sialoside with a Streptococcus pneumoniae sialidase to form the sialic acid product. Methods for the inhibition and sialidases and the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases are also disclosed.

The invention provides methods and compositions for preparing antibodies and antibody derivatives with reduced core fucosylation.

The invention provides methods and compositions for preparing antibodies and antibody derivatives with reduced core fucosylation.