There are provided compounds of formula I, ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1A to R.sup.1E, R.sup.2 to R.sup.4, R.sup.5a, L and X.sup.1 to X.sup.3 have meanings given in the description, which compounds have anti-inflammatory activity (e.g. through inhibition of one or more of members of: the family of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase enzymes; Syk kinase; and members of the Src family of tyrosine kinases) and have use in therapy, including in pharmaceutical combinations, especially in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory diseases of the lung, eye and intestines.

There are provided compounds of formula I, ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1A to R.sup.1E, R.sup.2 to R.sup.4, R.sup.5a, L and X.sup.1 to X.sup.3 have meanings given in the description, which compounds have anti-inflammatory activity (e.g. through inhibition of one or more of members of: the family of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase enzymes; Syk kinase; and members of the Src family of tyrosine kinases) and have use in therapy, including in pharmaceutical combinations, especially in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory diseases of the lung, eye and intestines.

Disclosed herein is a glucose-responsive insulin delivery system based on the interaction between the glucose-modified insulin and glucose transporters (GLUTs) on erythrocytes (or red blood cells, RBCs). After being conjugated with glucose, insulin can efficiently bind to RBC membranes. The binding is reversible in the setting of hyperglycemia, resulting in fast release of insulin and subsequent drop of blood glucose (BG) level in vivo. In some embodiments, the delivery vehicle can include: 1) intravenously injectable polymeric nanoparticles (100 nm in diameter) coated with RBC membrane and loaded with glucose-modified insulin and/or 2) painless microneedle (MN) patches loaded with the complex of GLUT and glucose-modified insulin.

Disclosed herein is a glucose-responsive insulin delivery system based on the interaction between the glucose-modified insulin and glucose transporters (GLUTs) on erythrocytes (or red blood cells, RBCs). After being conjugated with glucose, insulin can efficiently bind to RBC membranes. The binding is reversible in the setting of hyperglycemia, resulting in fast release of insulin and subsequent drop of blood glucose (BG) level in vivo. In some embodiments, the delivery vehicle can include: 1) intravenously injectable polymeric nanoparticles (100 nm in diameter) coated with RBC membrane and loaded with glucose-modified insulin and/or 2) painless microneedle (MN) patches loaded with the complex of GLUT and glucose-modified insulin.

There are provided compounds of Formula (A) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, used for the prevention or treatment in a mammal of joint and bone disorders such as arthritis and osteoporosis.

##STR00001##

Provided herein are compounds of Formula (I) and uses thereof for inhibiting the activity of D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) or treating diseases or disorders associated with DAAO, such as a central nervous system (CNS) disorder, obesity, diabetes, or hyperlipidemia. Also provided in the present disclosure are methods of synthesizing the Formula (I) compounds described herein. ##STR00001##

The present application relates to triterpene glycoside saponin-derived adjuvants, syntheses thereof, and intermediates thereto. The application also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of the present invention and methods of using said compounds or compositions in the treatment of and immunization for infectious diseases.

The present application relates to triterpene glycoside saponin-derived adjuvants, syntheses thereof, and intermediates thereto. The application also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of the present invention and methods of using said compounds or compositions in the treatment of and immunization for infectious diseases.

Provided herein are potent compounds of Formula (I) and uses thereof for inhibiting the activity of D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) or treating diseases or disorders associated with DAAO, such as a central nervous system (CNS) disorder, pain, obesity, diabetes, or hyperlipidemia. Also provided in the present disclosure are methods of synthesizing the Formula (I) compounds described herein. (I)

##STR00001##

The present application relates to triterpene glycoside saponin-derived adjuvants, syntheses thereof, and intermediates thereto. The application also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of the present invention and methods of using said compounds or compositions in the treatment of and immunization for infectious diseases.