The present disclosure relates to compounds of formula I, which inhibit Gal-3, and include pharmaceutically acceptable salts, compositions comprising such compounds, and methods using and making such compounds and compositions. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I), ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are as described herein, and their prodrugs or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof, and compositions including the compounds and methods of using the compounds.

The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I), ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are as described herein, and their prodrugs or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof, and compositions including the compounds and methods of using the compounds.

A method for preparing tulathromycin, and two intermediate compounds shown in formula V and formula VI are provided. The method includes the following synthetic route: ##STR00001##

A method for preparing tulathromycin, and two intermediate compounds shown in formula V and formula VI are provided. The method includes the following synthetic route: ##STR00001##

Disclosed herein are compositions, methods, cells, engineered microorganisms, and kits for increasing the production of proteins or polypeptides comprising one or more unnatural amino acids. Further provided are compositions, cells, engineered microorganisms, and kits for increasing the retention of unnatural nucleic acids encoding the unnatural amino acids in an engineered cell, or semi-synthetic organism.

Disclosed herein are compositions, methods, cells, engineered microorganisms, and kits for increasing the production of proteins or polypeptides comprising one or more unnatural amino acids. Further provided are compositions, cells, engineered microorganisms, and kits for increasing the retention of unnatural nucleic acids encoding the unnatural amino acids in an engineered cell, or semi-synthetic organism.

A method for preparing tulathromycin, and two intermediate compounds shown in formula V and formula VI are provided. The method includes the following synthetic route:

##STR00001##

A method for preparing tulathromycin, and two intermediate compounds shown in formula V and formula VI are provided. The method includes the following synthetic route:

##STR00001##

Methods for removing heavy metals from contaminated water including contacting contaminated water with polysaccharides from N. meningitides serotypes B and W; a fusion gene product and fusion enzyme including silica acid synthase and CMP sialic acid synthetase, and use of the fusion enzyme in a simplified process to make CMP Sialic acid and derivatives thereof. Use of CMP Sialic acid and derivatives thereof to remove heavy metals from contaminated water.