A class of cyanosteroid compounds that efficiently inhibit ghrelin acylation by ghrelin O-acyltransferase. The compounds have a steroid scaffold with ,-unsaturated ketone in the A ring position such an -cyanoenone. Exemplary compounds include (5S,8S,9S,10S,13S,14S)-10,13-dimethyl-3-oxo-4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-3H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-2-carbonitrile.

The present disclosure is generally directed to neuroactive 19-alkoxy-17-substituted steroids as referenced herein, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, for use as, for example, an anesthetic, and/or in the treatment of disorders relating to GABA function and activity. The present disclosure is further directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds.

Described herein are neuroactive steroids of the Formula (I): ##STR00001##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein R.sup.1a and R.sup.1b are as defined herein. Such compounds are envisioned, in certain embodiments, to behave as GABA modulators. The present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of the present invention and methods of use and treatment, e.g., such for inducing sedation and/or anesthesia.

Described herein are neuroactive steroids of the Formula (I):

##STR00001##

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein , A, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3a, R.sup.4a, R.sup.4b, R.sup.5, R.sup.7a, and R.sup.7b are as defined herein. Such compounds are envisioned, in certain embodiments, to behave as GABA modulators. The present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of the present invention and methods of use and treatment, e.g., such for inducing sedation and/or anesthesia.

Described herein are steroids of Formula (I):

##STR00001##

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2a, R.sup.2b, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5a, R.sup.5b, R.sup.6, and Z are as defined herein. Such compounds are contemplated useful for the prevention and treatment of a variety of CNS-related conditions, for example, treatment of sleep disorders, mood disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, convulsive disorders, disorders of memory and/or cognition, movement disorders, personality disorders, autism spectrum disorders, pain, traumatic brain injury, vascular diseases, substance abuse disorders and/or withdrawal syndromes, and tinnitus.

The present inventions refers a novel trifluoromethyl thianthrenium compound referred to as TT-CF.sub.3.sup.+X.sup.?, a process for preparing the same and the use thereof for trifluoromethylating organic compounds.

Disclosed are compounds that accumulate in Gram-negative bacteria. Also disclosed are method of antimicrobial treatment using the compounds.

Disclosed are methods for identifying a pregnant female who is susceptible to spontaneous preterm delivery. In particular, disclosed are methods for identifying a pregnant female who is susceptible to spontaneous preterm delivery based on ratios of steroids in samples obtained from the pregnant female.

Synthetic methods for preparing deoxycholic acid and intermediates thereof, high purity synthetic deoxycholic acid, compositions and methods of use are provided. Also, provided are processes for the synthesis of 12-keto or 12--hydroxysteroids from -9,11-ene, 11-keto or 11-hydroxy--steroids. This invention is also directed to novel compounds prepared during the synthesis. This invention is also directed to the synthesis of deoxycholic acid starting from hydrocortisone.

Methods of halogenating a carbon containing compound having an sp3 CH bond are provided. Methods of fluorinating a carbon containing compound comprising halogenation with Cl or Br followed by nucleophilic substitution with F are provided. Methods of direct oxidative CH fluorination of a carbon containing compound having an sp3 CH bond are provided. The halogenated products of the methods are provided.