Systems and processes for performing solid phase peptide synthesis are generally described. Solid phase peptide synthesis is a known process in which amino acid residues are added to peptides that have been immobilized on a solid support. In certain embodiments, the inventive systems and methods can be used to perform solid phase peptide synthesis quickly while maintaining high yields. Certain embodiments relate to processes and systems that may be used to heat, transport, and/or mix reagents in ways that reduce the amount of time required to perform solid phase peptide synthesis.

The present disclosure relates to lipoprotein complexes and lipoprotein populations and their use in the treatment and/or prevention of dyslipidemic diseases, disorders, and/or conditions. The disclosure further relates to recombinant expression of apolipoproteins, purification of apolipoproteins, and production of lipoprotein complexes using thermal cycling-based methods.

Methods are disclosed of making and using platforms for peptide synthesis and compositions thereof, such peptide-anchored resins or beads for use in solid-phase peptide synthesis. The platform includes a plurality of platform particles, which particles are insoluble carrier material particles (microparticles/nanoparticles) having a plurality of different linkers coupled to them. The plurality of linkers includes, in various combinations and combinations, (a) Fmoc-2,4-dimethoxy-4-(carboxymethyloxy)-benzhydrylamine (Rink amide linker); (b) 4-Formyl-3-methoxy-phenoxyacetic acid; (c) 2-Hydroxy-5-dibenzosuberone; (d) 4-Hydroxymethylbenzoic acid (HMBA); (e) 4-Hydroxymethyl-phenoxyacetic acid (HMP linker); (f) 4-(Fmoc-hydrazino)-benzoic acid; (g) 4(4-(1-hydroxyethyl)-2-methoxy-5-nitrophenoxy)-butyric acid; and (h) Fmoc-Suberol (5-Fmoc-amino-2-carboxymethoxy-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d] cycloheptene). In some embodiments, the insoluble carrier material particles have a plurality of linkers that are each a different type from one another. Such platforms can be used in solid-phase peptide synthesis processes.

The invention relates to a method for preparing peptides comprising the step of forming a peptide bond wherein the carboxyl group of a first amino acid or first peptide is activated and an amino group of the first activated amino acid or first peptide is protected by a protecting group having a water-solubility enhancing group and the activated carboxyl group of the first amino acid or first peptide is reacted with an amino group of a second amino acid or second peptide wherein said carboxyl group of the first amino acid or first peptide is activated in the absence of the second amino acid or second peptide. The invention further relates to peptides comprising a protecting group having a water-solubility enhancing group being bound to the amino group and an activated or free carboxyl group.

A modified cellulose, method for preparing the same and use thereof. The structural formulas of the modified cellulose are shown in Formula (I), Formula (II) or Formula (III):

##STR00001## wherein, n is 2-7; the modified cellulose is obtained by substitution. The cellulose is substituted and modified with long-chain compounds containing amino terminal groups, so that the modified cellulose has space formed by long chains and amino terminal groups, which can be used as a matrix in solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPOT), to increase reaction activity and reaction space, reduce the difficulty of peptide synthesis, realize SPOT well, be suitable for synthesis in an automatic synthesizer, have high yield, and have low cost.

The present disclosure provides efficient and reliable methods for preparing cyclized peptidic compounds. Advantageously, the currently described methods allow for on-resin cyclization using a limited number of processing steps, while increasing the chemical diversity available for the cyclized peptidic compounds produced.

Selectively controllable cleavable linkers include electrochemically-cleavable linkers, photolabile linkers, thermolabile linkers, chemically-labile linkers, and enzymatically-cleavable linkers. Selective cleavage of individual linkers may be controlled by changing local conditions. Local conditions may be changed by activating electrodes in proximity to the linkers, exposing the linkers to light, heating the linkers, or applying chemicals. Selective cleaving of enzymatically-cleavable linkers may be controlled by designing the sequences of different sets of the individual linkers to respond to different enzymes. Cleavable linkers may be used to attach polymers to a solid substrate. Selective cleavage of the linkers enables release of specific polymers from the solid substrate. Cleavable linkers may also be used to attach protecting groups to the ends of growing polymers. The protecting groups may be selectively removed by cleavage of the linkers to enable growth of specific polymers.

Provided are compositions that include at least one two-dimensional layer of an inorganic compound and at least one layer of an organic compound in the form of one or more polypeptides. Methods of making and using the materials are provided. The organic layer contains one or more polypeptides, each of which have alternating repeats of crystallite-forming subsequences and amorphous subsequences. The crystallite-forming subsequences form crystallites comprising stacks of one or more -sheets. The amorphous subsequences form a network of hydrogen bonds. A method includes i) combining one or more polypeptides with an inorganic material and an organic solvent, and ii) depositing one or more polypeptides, the inorganic material and the organic solvent onto a substrate. These steps can be repeated to provide a composite material that is a multilayer composite material. The composite materials can be used in a wide array of textile, electronic, semi-conducting, and other applications.

The invention provides a method for producing anti-linaclotide antibodies or antigen fragments thereof and uses thereof.

The present invention relates to an ionic liquid based support of Formula-I: wherein: X.sup. is a heteroatom containing cationic part; W is a halogen containing polymeric solid support; n is an integer in the range of 2 to 8; Y is a hydrophobic anion; R is selected from COZ or Z; Z is selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, OH, O-Alkyl and combinations thereof. The present invention also relates to a process for preparation of said ionic liquid based support used for di, oligo or polypeptide manufacture.