The present invention provides improved automated systems and methods for synthesis of biopolymers including DNA and RNA. The automated systems and methods represent a number of improvements over existing systems for multiplex synthesis of biopolymers in a combinatorial fashion.

Described herein are methods and compositions relating to nanodiscs, e.g., phospholipid bilayers with a proteinaceous belt or border. Further provided herein are loopable membrane scaffold proteins, e.g., for forming nanodiscs.

Systems and processes for performing solid phase peptide synthesis are generally described. Solid phase peptide synthesis is a known process in which amino acid residues are added to peptides that have been immobilized on a solid support. In certain embodiments, the inventive systems and methods can be used to perform solid phase peptide synthesis quickly while maintaining high yields. Certain embodiments relate to processes and systems that may be used to heat, transport, and/or mix reagents in ways that reduce the amount of time required to perform solid phase peptide synthesis.

Methods are disclosed of making and using platforms for peptide synthesis and compositions thereof, such peptide-anchored resins or beads for use in solid-phase peptide synthesis. The platform includes a plurality of platform particles, which particles are insoluble carrier material particles (microparticles/nanoparticles) having a plurality of different linkers coupled to them. The plurality of linkers includes, in various combinations and combinations, (a) Fmoc-2,4-dimethoxy-4-(carboxymethyloxy)-benzhydrylamine (Rink amide linker); (b) 4-Formyl-3-methoxy-phenoxyacetic acid; (c) 2-Hydroxy-5-dibenzosuberone; (d) 4-Hydroxymethylbenzoic acid (HMBA); (e) 4-Hydroxymethyl-phenoxyacetic acid (HMP linker); (f) 4-(Fmoc-hydrazino)-benzoic acid; (g) 4(4-(1-hydroxyethyl)-2-methoxy-5-nitrophenoxy)-butyric acid; and (h) Fmoc-Suberol (5-Fmoc-amino-2-carboxymethoxy-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d] cycloheptene). In some embodiments, the insoluble carrier material particles have a plurality of linkers that are each a different type from one another. Such platforms can be used in solid-phase peptide synthesis processes.

The present disclosure relates to solid phase synthesis of organic molecules and particularly to highly efficient methods for synthesizing polymers, such as peptides, nucleotides or saccharides, employing solid phase synthesis.

A device for parallel oligomer synthesis having a centrifuge with a plurality of reactor holders configured to retain reactors at an angle and a plurality of siphon based outflow holders are disclosed. A method of parallel solid-based peptide synthesis following the timing protocol of the device and a use of the device for parallel oligomer synthesis are also disclosed.

An improved method of coupling amino acids into peptides or peptidomimetics is disclosed in which the activation and coupling are carried out in the same vessel, in the presence of a carbodiimide in an amount greater than 1 equivalent as compared to the amino acid, in the presence of an activator additive, and at a temperature greater than 30 C.

A continuous flow reactor, a method of performing a continuous flow reaction, and a method of controlling a moveable wall of a reaction chamber of a continuous flow reactor. The reactor comprising: an inlet; an outlet; and a reaction chamber, between the inlet and the outlet and providing a flow path therebetween, the reaction chamber having a moveable wall; the reactor further comprising: a pressure sensor configured to monitor a fluid pressure in the continuous flow reactor; and a controller, operable to adjust the position of the moveable wall, and thereby change a volume of the reaction chamber, based on the monitored fluid pressure.

Apparatus and methods utilizing induction-heat energy for heating reactions associated with chemical synthesis, such as peptide synthesis reactions involving activation, deprotection, coupling, and cleavage. Thorough agitation of the contents of reaction vessels during heating, real-time monitoring and adjustment of temperature and/or reaction duration, independent control of different reaction vessels, and scalability are also described.

Selectively controllable cleavable linkers include electrochemically-cleavable linkers, photolabile linkers, thermolabile linkers, chemically-labile linkers, and enzymatically-cleavable linkers. Selective cleavage of individual linkers may be controlled by changing local conditions. Local conditions may be changed by activating electrodes in proximity to the linkers, exposing the linkers to light, heating the linkers, or applying chemicals. Selective cleaving of enzymatically-cleavable linkers may be controlled by designing the sequences of different sets of the individual linkers to respond to different enzymes. Cleavable linkers may be used to attach polymers to a solid substrate. Selective cleavage of the linkers enables release of specific polymers from the solid substrate. Cleavable linkers may also be used to attach protecting groups to the ends of growing polymers. The protecting groups may be selectively removed by cleavage of the linkers to enable growth of specific polymers.