The present invention provides for recombinant Endo-S mutants (named Endo-S glycosynthases) that exhibit reduced hydrolysis activity and increased transglycosylation activity for the synthesis of glycoproteins wherein a desired sugar chain is added to a fucosylated or nonfucosylated GlcNAc-IgG acceptor. As such, the present invention allows for the synthesis and remodeling of therapeutic antibodies thereby providing for certain biological activities, such as, prolonged half-life time in vivo, less immunogenicity, enhanced in vivo activity, increased targeting ability, and/or ability to deliver a therapeutic agent.

Various aspects disclosed relate to forming a coating on an electrode of an oligonucleotide syntheses apparatus. The coating can include a polyaniline-containing material. The coating can be formed by applying a voltage to the electrode under specified conditions in the presence of a solution including an amount of acid content and an amount of aniline monomer units.

The present disclosure generally relates to the field of solid phase synthesis and methods for synthesizing peptides and employing solid phase synthesis.

Methods and compositions for manufacturing large-scale quantities of conjugatable peptides/peptoids/polymers/nucleic acids and conjugatable proteins, as well as hybrid materials consisting of synthetic and unnatural amino acids, glycopeptides, proteoglycans, and other molecular modifications are disclosed, for a variety of purposes including rapid antidote and vaccine applications in biodefense, therapeutics, diagnostics, theranostics, thin films, multilayered assemblies, biofilms, sensors, drug delivery vehicles, gene delivery vehicles, gene editing vehicles, staged release compounds, and the like.

An improved method of deprotection in solid phase peptide synthesis is disclosed. In particular the deprotecting composition is added in high concentration and small volume to the mixture of the coupling solution, the growing peptide chain, and any excess activated acid from the preceding coupling cycle, and without any draining step between the coupling step of the previous cycle and the addition of the deprotection composition for the successive cycle. Thereafter, the ambient pressure in the vessel is reduced with a vacuum pull to remove the deprotecting composition without any draining step and without otherwise adversely affecting the remaining materials in the vessel or causing problems in subsequent steps in the SPPS cycle.

An instrument and method for accelerating the solid phase synthesis of peptides are disclosed. The method includes the steps of deprotecting a protected first amino acid linked to a solid phase resin by admixing the protected linked acid with a deprotecting solution in a microwave transparent vessel while irradiating the admixed acid and solution with microwaves, activating a second amino acid, coupling the second amino acid to the first acid while irradiating the composition in the same vessel with microwaves, and cleaving the linked peptide from the solid phase resin by admixing the linked peptide with a cleaving composition in the same vessel while irradiating the composition with microwaves.

Apparatus and methods utilizing induction-heat energy for heating reactions associated with chemical synthesis, such as peptide synthesis reactions involving activation, deprotection, coupling, and cleavage. Thorough agitation of the contents of reaction vessels during heating, real-time monitoring and adjustment of temperature and/or reaction duration, independent control of different reaction vessels, and scalability are also described.

An improved method for coupling amino acids into peptides or peptidomimetics is disclosed that includes the steps of combining an amino acid, a carbodiimide, an activator additive, and a base at less than 1 equivalent compared to the amino acid to be activated; and carrying out the activation and coupling at a temperature greater than 30 C.

Systems and processes for performing solid phase peptide synthesis are generally described. Solid phase peptide synthesis is a known process in which amino acid residues are added to peptides that have been immobilized on a solid support. In certain embodiments, the inventive systems and methods can be used to perform solid phase peptide synthesis quickly while maintaining high yields. Certain embodiments relate to processes and systems that may be used to heat, transport, and/or mix reagents in ways that reduce the amount of time required to perform solid phase peptide synthesis.

Systems and processes for performing solid phase peptide synthesis are generally described. Solid phase peptide synthesis is a known process in which amino acid residues are added to peptides that have been immobilized on a solid support. In certain embodiments, the inventive systems and methods can be used to perform solid phase peptide synthesis quickly while maintaining high yields. Certain embodiments relate to processes and systems that may be used to heat, transport, and/or mix reagents in ways that reduce the amount of time required to perform solid phase peptide synthesis.