Random arrays of single molecules are provided for carrying out large scale analyses, particularly of biomolecules, such as genomic DNA, cDNAs, proteins, and the like. In one aspect, arrays of the invention comprise concatemers of DNA fragments that are randomly disposed on a regular array of discrete spaced apart regions, such that substantially all such regions contain no more than a single concatemer.

A peptide complex including: a peptide; and a cell-membrane-permeability-imparting group introduced into the peptide, wherein the cell-membrane-permeability-imparting group includes a dendritic structure including four or more branches, and at least four branches of the four or more branches include basic functional groups at ends thereof.

The invention provides a replicable genetic package displaying a cyclic peptide having at least one intramolecular bond between amino acid side chains. Also provided are a method of preparing such a genetic package displaying cyclic peptides having at least one intramolecular bond. Further provided is a library of replicable genetic packages displaying cyclic peptides each having at least one intramolecular cyclic bond between amino acid side chains; and a method of producing such a library.

The invention provides efficient methods for combining single-substitution libraries of nucleic acids that span and encode proteins of interest and for selecting resultant mutant proteins after expression which have improved properties or characteristics.

The methods described herein provide a means of producing an array of spatially separated proteins. The method relies on covalently attaching each protein of the plurality of proteins to a structured nucleic acid particle (SNAP), and attaching the SNAPs to a solid support.

Disclosed are compositions and method related to variants of SPINK2 that bind to targets other than an endogenous target of SPINK2. In one embodiment, a peptide is provided that comprises the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 1. In further embodiments, an amino acid sequences encoded by nucleotide positions 4 to 42 and/or nucleotide positions 94 to 189 in the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14 flank the amino terminus and the carboxyl terminus, respectively, of the amino acid sequence. In another embodiment, a peptide is provided that comprises an amino acid sequence derived from the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 in which a conservative substitution, deletion, addition and/or insertion of 1 to 5 (inclusive) amino acids has occurred at amino acids other than the 1st Xaa to the 12th Xaa counting from the amino terminus.

The methods described herein provide a means of producing an array of spatially separated proteins. The method relies on covalently attaching each protein of the plurality of proteins to a structured nucleic acid particle (SNAP), and attaching the SNAPs to a solid support.

The invention provides conjugates, comprising an organ or tissue targeting moiety linked to a biologically active moiety or linked to a diagnostic moiety. Such a biologically active or diagnostic moiety can be, for example, an oligonucleotide, small interfering RNA, a gene, a virus, a protein, a drug, a small organic molecule, a pharmaceutical, or a detectable agent.

The present invention relates to a method of forming a macrocyclic peptide bearing a pharmacophore and said produced macrocyclic peptide, wherein the method comprises the steps of: reacting a peptide with two thiol groups of cysteine side chains with the reactive compound 1,5-dichloropentanedion-2,4. The reaction between the reactive compound and the peptide produces an 1,3-diketone-containing macrocyclic polypeptide. The macrocycle with a 1,3-diketone group is then modified by reaction of said macrocycle with an alkyl or aryl hydrazine group bearing a pharmacophore in benign aqueous conditions. The macrocycles may be displayed in a library, such as a phage display library, and used to biopan for affinity against a selected target.

Peptides having activity as protein binding agents are disclosed. The peptides have the following structure (I): ##STR00001##
including stereoisomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof, wherein R, R.sup.1, L.sup.1, L.sup.2, G, M, Y.sup.1 Y.sup.2 and SEQ are as defined herein. Methods associated with preparation and use of such peptides, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising such peptides, are also disclosed.