Methods of making copolymers are described.

Methods of making copolymers are described.

The disclosure provides methods of preventing, ameliorating or treating disruption of mitochondrial function and symptoms thereof. The methods provide administering aromatic-cationic peptides in effective amounts to prevent, treat or ameliorate the disruption of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in a cell such as that found in a subject suffering from, or predisposed to a mitochondrial disease or disorder. In some embodiments, the methods comprise administering to a subject suffering from, or at risk for a mitochondrial disease or disorder, an effective amount of an aromatic-cationic peptide to subjects in need thereof.

The present disclosure relates to methods of preparing and crystallizing β-turn cyclic peptidomimetic salts of formula I: ##STR00001##
where R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.10, X, Y and n are as defined in the specification. The present disclosure provides a more efficient route for preparing a crystalline form of a β-turn cyclic peptidomimetic compounds and salts thereof.

The present disclosure relates to methods of preparing and crystallizing β-turn cyclic peptidomimetic salts of formula I: ##STR00001##
where R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.10, X, Y and n are as defined in the specification. The present disclosure provides a more efficient route for preparing a crystalline form of a β-turn cyclic peptidomimetic compounds and salts thereof.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an isolated peptide consisting of a sequence of 3 to 39 amino acids derived from the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 1, said peptide having a sequence of amino acids selected from the group consisting of: a) sequences of 3 to 39 amino acids comprising at least the residues 6 to 8 of SEQ ID NO: 1, and b) sequences of 3 to 39 amino acids having at least 70% identity with said sequence in a).

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an isolated peptide consisting of a sequence of 3 to 39 amino acids derived from the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 1, said peptide having a sequence of amino acids selected from the group consisting of: a) sequences of 3 to 39 amino acids comprising at least the residues 6 to 8 of SEQ ID NO: 1, and b) sequences of 3 to 39 amino acids having at least 70% identity with said sequence in a).

Methods for the synthesis of arginine-containing peptides are provided. The methods include a deprotection step that minimizes the transfer of by-products deriving from cleaved sulfonyl-5 based side chain protecting groups from arginine to amino acids carrying electron rich side chains.

The present disclosure relates to methods of preparing and crystallizing β-turn cyclic peptidomimetic salts of formula I:

##STR00001## where R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.10, X, Y and n are as defined in the specification.

The present disclosure provides a more efficient route for preparing a crystalline form of a β-turn cyclic peptidomimetic compounds and salts thereof.

The present disclosure relates to methods of preparing and crystallizing β-turn cyclic peptidomimetic salts of formula I:

##STR00001## where R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.10, X, Y and n are as defined in the specification.

The present disclosure provides a more efficient route for preparing a crystalline form of a β-turn cyclic peptidomimetic compounds and salts thereof.