The invention relates to bacterial infections, vaccines directed against those infections and bacterial vaccines. More particularly, the invention relates to vaccines directed against Streptococcus infections in pigs. The invention provides a ΔFolT mutant of a bacterium having reduced capacity to transport folate, wherein said capacity has been reduced by functionally deleting folate transporter (FolT) function. The invention also provides a method to reduce virulence of a bacterium comprising reducing the capacity of said bacterium to transport folate.

The invention relates to new antimicrobial compounds derived from nisin. In particular, the compounds are based on the unsubstituted nisin [1-12] structure, wherein said compounds have an antimicrobial activity exceeding the activity of the unsubstituted nisin [1-12] structure.

The invention relates to new antimicrobial compounds derived from nisin. In particular, the compounds are based on the unsubstituted nisin [1-12] structure, wherein said compounds have an antimicrobial activity exceeding the activity of the unsubstituted nisin [1-12] structure.

Compositions and methods are provided for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections, including pneumococcal infections. Compositions provided herein comprise a variety of immunogenic fusion proteins, wherein at least one polypeptide component of a given fusion protein comprises a CbpA polypeptide and/or a cytolysoid polypeptide, or an active variant or fragment thereof. Methods are provided for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections, including pneumococcal infections by employing the various immunogenic fusion proteins having at least one polypeptide component comprising a CbpA polypeptide and/or a cytolysoid polypeptide, or an active variant or fragment thereof.

A first Fab region-binding peptide includes an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 5 with substitution of one or more amino acid residues at the 17.sup.th position and the 36.sup.th position, wherein an acid dissociation pH thereof is shifted to a neutral side. A second Fab region-binding peptide further includes deletion, substitution and/or addition of one or more amino acid residues at positions other than the 17.sup.th position and the 36.sup.th position. A third Fab region-binding peptide includes an amino acid sequence with a sequence identity of 80% or more to the amino acid sequence of the first Fab region-binding peptide.

Provided herein are methods for integrating a gene of interest into a chromosome of a host cell. In some embodiments, the methods include introducing into a host cell a first plasmid comprising a transposase coding sequence and a donor sequence, which includes a selectable marker coding sequence flanked by a first and a second lox site and is itself flanked by inverted repeats recognized by the transposase. Following transposase-mediated chromosomal integration of the donor sequence into the host cell, a second plasmid is introduced, which comprises the gene of interest and a second selectable marker coding sequence, both flanked by a first and a second lox site. The gene of interest is chromosomally integrated into the host cell by recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) between the donor sequence and the second plasmid via Cre-/cuc recombination. Further provided herein are host cells, vectors, and methods of producing a product related thereto.

The present disclosure provides methods and compositions of modulating expression of a target nucleic acid sequence in a cell. The method comprises introducing into the cell a nucleic acid sequence encoding a Cas9 fusion protein and a guide RNA, wherein the Cas9 fusion protein and the guide RNA are expressed and co-localize at a target site and modulate the expression of the target nucleic acid sequence.

The present disclosure provides methods and compositions of modulating expression of a target nucleic acid sequence in a cell. The method comprises introducing into the cell a nucleic acid sequence encoding a Cas9 fusion protein and a guide RNA, wherein the Cas9 fusion protein and the guide RNA are expressed and co-localize at a target site and modulate the expression of the target nucleic acid sequence.

The objective of the present invention is to provide an affinity separation matrix having excellent adsorption performance and binding capacity to a peptide containing a Fab region of IgG, and a method for producing a Fab region-containing peptide using the affinity separation matrix. The affinity separation matrix according to the present invention is characterized in that a Fab region-binding peptide is immobilized as a ligand on a water-insoluble carrier in a density of 1.0 mg/mL-gel or more.

The objective of the present invention is to provide an affinity separation matrix having excellent adsorption performance and binding capacity to a peptide containing a Fab region of IgG, and a method for producing a Fab region-containing peptide using the affinity separation matrix. The affinity separation matrix according to the present invention is characterized in that a Fab region-binding peptide is immobilized as a ligand on a water-insoluble carrier in a density of 1.0 mg/mL-gel or more.