This invention relates to extracellular protein-protein interactions and their possible therapeutic uses. More particularly, this invention describes the interaction between Draxin, particularly fragments binding to γ-Netrins comprising SEQ ID NO.:1, 2 or 3, and variants thereof, with γ-Netrins, and the use of this interaction to disrupt γ-Netrin/Netrin receptor interactions. The invention also relates to diagnostic and/or therapeutic uses of Draxin or fragments or variants thereof, as well as to an antibody against Draxin inhibiting binding of Draxin to γ-Netrins. Further, the invention relates to fragments of γ-Netrins, in particular Draxin-binding Netrin1-fragments comprising SEQ ID NO.: 51 and variants thereof, as well as to an antibody against γ-Netrins inhibiting binding of γ-Netrins to Netrin receptors.

Microbes can be genetically modified to express biomolecules that are beneficial to mammals and/or to reduce, or eliminate, expression of harmful virulence factors. The growth and viability of such genetically modified microbes can optionally be controlled by inducible promoters that regulate the expression of proteins that are essential to their growth and survival. Compositions comprising such genetically modified microbes as well as methods of making and using the same are disclosed herein.

Microbes can be genetically modified to express biomolecules that are beneficial to mammals and/or to reduce, or eliminate, expression of harmful virulence factors. The growth and viability of such genetically modified microbes can optionally be controlled by inducible promoters that regulate the expression of proteins that are essential to their growth and survival. Compositions comprising such genetically modified microbes as well as methods of making and using the same are disclosed herein.

Disclosed is a use of recombinant human neuregulin derivatives in preparing a medicine for preventing, treating, or reducing the progression of cardiovascular diseases in mammals. In particular, the present invention relates to a novel recombinant human NRG-FC protein and a use thereof in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The protein has a prolonged half-life and enhanced biological activity.

The present disclosure presents a general approach to engineering existing protein-protein interactions through domain addition and evolution. The disclosure teaches the creation of novel fusion proteins that include knottin peptides where a portion of the knottin peptide is replaced with a sequence that has been created for binding to a particular target. Such fusion proteins can also be bispecific or multi specific in that they can bind to and/or inhibit two or more receptors or receptor ligands. Knottins may be fused with an existing ligand (or receptor) as a general platform tor increasing the affinity of a ligand-receptor interaction or for creating a multi specific protein. In addition, the fusion proteins may comprise a knottin peptide fused to another protein where the other protein facilitates proper expression and folding of the knottin.

The present disclosure presents a general approach to engineering existing protein-protein interactions through domain addition and evolution. The disclosure teaches the creation of novel fusion proteins that include knottin peptides where a portion of the knottin peptide is replaced with a sequence that has been created for binding to a particular target. Such fusion proteins can also be bispecific or multi specific in that they can bind to and/or inhibit two or more receptors or receptor ligands. Knottins may be fused with an existing ligand (or receptor) as a general platform tor increasing the affinity of a ligand-receptor interaction or for creating a multi specific protein. In addition, the fusion proteins may comprise a knottin peptide fused to another protein where the other protein facilitates proper expression and folding of the knottin.

Methods and compositions are provided for the therapeutic use of Wnt proteins, for enhancing bone growth and regeneration, including repair following injury, osseointegration of implants, and the like. In some embodiments of the invention, the compositions are administered locally, e.g. by injection at the site of an injury. For certain conditions it is desirable to provide Wnt activity for short periods of time, and an effective dose will be administered over a defined, short period of time.

Methods and compositions are provided for the therapeutic use of Wnt proteins, for enhancing bone growth and regeneration, including repair following injury, osseointegration of implants, and the like. In some embodiments of the invention, the compositions are administered locally, e.g. by injection at the site of an injury. For certain conditions it is desirable to provide Wnt activity for short periods of time, and an effective dose will be administered over a defined, short period of time.

The disclosure provides systems and methods useful for predicting or detecting a malfunction in a chromatography process in real-time. In some embodiments, the disclosure provides systems and methods for detecting an atypical profile in a process chromatogram in ion-exchange chromatography of a biologic product.

The disclosure provides systems and methods useful for predicting or detecting a malfunction in a chromatography process in real-time. In some embodiments, the disclosure provides systems and methods for detecting an atypical profile in a process chromatogram in ion-exchange chromatography of a biologic product.