Disclosed is a method for improving affinity of an antibody for an antigen, comprising, in an unmodified antibody, improving affinity for an antigen as compared to the unmodified antibody, by changing 5th, 9th and 22nd amino acid residues of a light chain defined by Kabat method to charged amino acid residues.

Production was attempted for antibodies that neutralize the activity of a bispecific antibody having F.VIII function-substituting activity, for use in a method for measuring the reactivity of F.VIII in the presence of a bispecific antibody having F.VIII function-substituting activity. As a result, it was discovered that by using the produced antibodies, F.VIII activity in the plasma of a hemophilia A patient can be evaluated accurately by performing APTT-based one-stage clotting assay on a wide range of bispecific antibodies having F.VIII function-substituting activity. It was also discovered that F.VIII inhibitor titer in the plasma of a hemophilia A patient carrying F.VIII inhibitor can be evaluated accurately by APTT-based Bethesda assay.

The present application describes an antibody-coding, non-modified or modified RNA and the use thereof for expression of this antibody, for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition, in particular a passive vaccine, for treatment of tumours and cancer diseases, cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, virus diseases and monogenetic diseases, e.g. also in gene therapy. The present invention furthermore describes an in vitro transcription method, in vitro methods for expression of this antibody using the RNA according to the invention and an in vivo method.

A method for modulating the adrenomedullin (ADM) activity of a patient by administering to the patient an anti-adrenomedullin (ADM) antibody or an anti-adrenomedullin antibody fragment. The method may be used, for example, in therapy of a chronical or acute disease or acute condition of a patient for prevention or reduction of organ dysfunction or organ failure. In a preferred embodiment the method is for use in therapy of a chronical or acute disease or acute condition of a patient for prevention or reduction of kidney dysfunction or kidney failure or liver dysfunction or liver failure.

Methods of inhibiting or reducing the incidence or the severity of immunotherapy-related toxicity in a subject, the method comprising a step of administering a recombinant hGMCSF antagonist to the subject, wherein said administering inhibits or reduces the incidence or the severity of immunotherapy-related toxicity in said subject, are provided. An hGMCSF antagonist for use in methods of inhibiting or reducing the incidence or the severity of immunotherapy-related toxicity in a subject also are provided.

The present invention provides dual specificity antibody fusion proteins comprising an antibody Fab or Fab′ fragment with specificity for an antigen of interest, said fragment being fused to at least one single domain antibody which has specificity for a second antigen of interest.

Disclosed herein are antibodies and ILT5-binding fragments thereof that specifically bind to ILT5, e.g., human ILT5 (hILT5), and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such ILT5-binding antibodies and ILT5-binding fragments thereof.

The present invention is directed to antibodies and fragments thereof having binding specificity for ACTH. Another embodiment of this invention relates to the antibodies binding fragments thereof described herein, comprising the sequences of the V.sub.H, V.sub.L and/or CDR polypeptides described herein, and the polynucleotides encoding them. The invention also contemplates conjugates of anti-ACTH antibodies and binding fragments thereof conjugated to one or more functional or detectable moieties. The invention further contemplates methods of making said anti-ACTH antibodies and binding fragments thereof. Embodiments of the invention also pertain to the use of anti-ACTH antibodies and binding fragments thereof for the diagnosis, assessment, prevention and treatment of diseases and disorders associated with ACTH, such as Cushing's Disease, Cushing's Syndrome, Parkinson's disease, obesity, diabetes, sleep disorders depression, anxiety disorders, cancer, muscle atrophy, hypertension, hyperinsulinemia, cognitive dysfunction, Alzheimer's disease, galactorrhea, stress related conditions, cardiac conditions, metabolic syndrome, hyperaldosteronism, Conn's syndrome and familial hyperaldosteronism.

The present invention relates to methods for the treatment of a bone fracture or bone defect. The invention discloses the effective use of an anti-gremlin-1 antibody to accelerate the healing and bridging of bone tissue in segmental gap defects; and demonstrates that inhibitors of gremlin-1 activity may provide improved therapies for treating or preventing fracture non-union.

The present disclosure provides Bak binding proteins that change the conformation of Bak and uses thereof.