It has been established that cancer cells with oncogenic mutants in the small GTPase K-Ras are susceptible to antibodies that bind intracellular guanosine, but delivery of antibodies into cells can be challenging. A subset of lupus autoantibodies is associated with anti-guanosine activity, and is capable of cellular penetration. These antibodies have potential as therapeutic agents targeted towards K-Ras associated malignancies.

The invention provides a ligand comprising a first binding moiety which binds to tau assemblies, and a second binding moiety which is bound by TRIM21 for use in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease in the cytoplasm of a neuronal cell, wherein the ligand is administered extracellularly.

An anti-GAP43 antibody which is capable of distinguishing a non-phosphorylated threonine residue at position 89 (T89) from a phosphorylated threonine residue at position 89 (pT89) of mouse GAP43 set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13, and which is capable of specifically detecting a growth cone; an anti-GAP43 antibody which is capable of distinguishing a non-phosphorylated serine residue at position 96 (S96) from a phosphorylated serine residue at position 96 (pS96) of mouse GAP43, and which is capable of specifically detecting a growth cone; an anti-GAP43 antibody which is capable of distinguishing a non-phosphorylated threonine residue at position 172 (T172) from a phosphorylated threonine residue at position 172 (pT172) of mouse GAP43, and which is capable of specifically detecting a growth cone; and an immunological analysis method using these anti-GAP43 antibodies.

The present disclosure relates to cell penetrating anti-DNA binding proteins. Compositions comprising these binding proteins may be may be useful for delivering agents to cells and treating diseases such as cancer.

New system to facilitate the degradation of target proteins within cells, which uses a chimeric protein with a moiety of single-domain VHH antibodies fused with the UBX domain that is recognized by p97. Where the VHH binds proteins selectively and the UBX domain recruit the protein for p97-mediated degradation based of proteasome activity. Single-domain VHH antibodies, or Nanobody (Nb) can be attached to UBX directly or using a linker.

The present disclosure relates to cell penetrating anti-DNA binding proteins. Compositions comprising these binding proteins may be may be useful for delivering agents to cells and treating diseases such as cancer.