Methods of forming an ingredient for human consumption are provided herein. The methods may include isolating one or more soluble polysaccharides from a biomass, generating one or more oligosaccharides from the biomass, and combining the one or more isolated soluble polysaccharides with the generated oligosaccharides to form the ingredient. Methods of pretreating a biomass are also provided. The methods may include administering a physical pretreatment to a biomass, administering a gentle pretreatment to the physically pretreated biomass, and administering a strong pretreatment to the gently pretreated biomass. Ingredients for human consumption are also provided.

The present invention relates to a composition comprising Low Molecular Weight-Arabinoxylan (LMW-AX) with branched oligosaccharides, preferably at least one branched oligosaccharides is positioned at or adjacent to a reducing end of the LMW-AX backbone. The present invention also relates to the production and use thereof. The present invention further relates to a composition comprising Low Molecular Weight-Arabinoxylan (LMW-AX) with oligosaccharides, where a fraction of the Araf units have been removed to improve the yield of oligosaccharides.

The present invention provides a pentosan polysulfate having a uronic acid content of 0.0% by mass to 6.0% by mass, preferably a pentosan polysulfate having a structure represented by Formula I: ##STR00001##
wherein each R represents a hydrogen atom, —COCH.sub.3 or —SO.sub.3X, and at least one R represents —SO.sub.3X, wherein X represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent or divalent metal, and n represents an integer of 1 or more and 30 or less; a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the pentosan polysulfate or of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The present invention further provides a method for producing pentosan polysulfate, the method comprising the steps of depolymerizing a plant-derived raw material to obtain neutral xylooligosaccharide and sulfating the neutral xylooligosaccharide, in this order.

This document provides compositions containing arabinoxylan, methods for making compositions containing arabinoxylan, and methods for using compositions containing arabinoxylan as, for example, a food ingredient, dietary supplement ingredient, or pharmaceutical ingredient. In particular, the document discloses the use of lignocellulosic biomass with water at temperatures and pressures to provide the disclosed products.

This invention relates to the isolation and purification of nutritional supplements and prebiotics, such as xylo-oligosaccharides, and specifically the removal of color bodies, said xylo-oligosaccharides sourced from from ligno-cellulosic feedstocks such as sugar cane and sugar cane bagasse. Removal of color bodies provides greater purity in certain xylo-oligosaccharides as described. This process can also be applied to non-sugar cane feedstocks such as agricultural residues (wheat straw, corn stover, rice straw, etc.), purpose grown crops including but not limited to sugar cane, sorghum, Miscanthus, and woody biomass such as poplar.

An integrated process and corresponding apparatus that produces a relatively clean, delignified cellulose product from lignocellulosic biomass. The method includes treating a portion of the delignified cellulose itself as a substrate to produce on-site cellulolytic enzymes, including further treating the remaining delignified cellulose with the resulting cellulolytic enzymes for in situ enzymatic hydrolysis. The process and apparatus are useful to produce fermentable sugars for cost-effective manufacturing of fermentable sugars, fuels, bioproducts and chemicals.

A system for generating a self-receive signal includes: a signal generator; a first signal processor; a second signal processor; and an antenna. The system also includes a first passive coupling device: defining a first input port electromagnetically coupled to the signal generator; defining a first transmitted port; defining a first coupled port electromagnetically coupled to the first signal processor; and characterized by a first phase balance between the first transmitted port and the first coupled port. The system further includes a second passive coupling device: defining a second input port electromagnetically coupled to the antenna; defining a second transmitted port electromagnetically coupled to the first transmitted port; defining a second coupled port electromagnetically coupled to the second signal processor; and characterized by a second phase balance between the second transmitted port and the second coupled port substantially similar to the first phase balance.

Processes disclosed are capable of converting biomass into high-crystallinity, hydrophobic cellulose. In some variations, the process includes fractionating biomass with an acid (such as sulfur dioxide), a solvent (such as ethanol), and water, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a liquid containing hemicellulose and lignin; and depositing lignin onto cellulose fibers to produce lignin-coated cellulose materials (such as dissolving pulp). The crystallinity of the cellulose material may be 80% or higher, translating into good reinforcing properties for composites. Optionally, sugars derived from amorphous cellulose and hemicellulose may be separately fermented, such as to monomers for various polymers. These polymers may be combined with the hydrophobic cellulose to form completely renewable composites.

The present invention provides pentosan polysulfate having a weight average molecular weight of 5000 or less and a content of acetyl groups of 0% to 2.0% by mass, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate thereof. The pentosan polysulfate of the present invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate thereof exhibits an anti-Xa activity and an anti-Xa/anti-IIa activity ratio, which are suitable for practical use, and is useful as a pharmaceutical composition such as an anticoagulant.

The present invention provides a reduced-cost method for producing an acidic xylooligosaccharide, the method including a depolymerization step of depolymerizing a plant-derived raw material and a deacetylation step of adding a base to a solution of the product of the depolymerization step to achieve a pH of 11 or higher. The present invention further provides an acidic xylooligosaccharide having an acetyl group content of 0 to 5.0 mass %. The acidic xylooligosaccharide of the present invention, which has an acetyl group content of 0 to 5.0 mass %, can be used as a starting material in a production method to thereby obtain pentosan polysulfate with a high yield.