A process is provided for the polymerization of fluoromonomer to an dispersion of fluoropolymer particles in an aqueous medium in a polymerization reactor, by (a) providing the aqueous medium in the reactor, (b) adding the fluoromonomer to the reactor, (c) adding initiator to the aqueous medium, the combination of steps (b) and (c) being carried out essentially free of hydrocarbon-containing surfactant and resulting in the kickoff of the polymerization of the fluoromonomer, and (d) metering hydrocarbon-containing surfactant into the aqueous medium after the kickoff of polymerization, e.g. after the concentration of the fluoropolymer in the aqueous medium is at least 0.6 wt %, the metering being at a rate reducing the telogenic activity of said surfactant while maintaining surface activity.

A process is provided for the polymerization of fluoromonomer to an dispersion of fluoropolymer particles in an aqueous medium in a polymerization reactor, by (a) providing the aqueous medium in the reactor, (b) adding the fluoromonomer to the reactor, (c) adding initiator to the aqueous medium, the combination of steps (b) and (c) being carried out essentially free of hydrocarbon-containing surfactant and resulting in the kickoff of the polymerization of the fluoromonomer, and (d) metering hydrocarbon-containing surfactant into the aqueous medium after the kickoff of polymerization, e.g. after the concentration of the fluoropolymer in the aqueous medium is at least 0.6 wt %, the metering being at a rate reducing the telogenic activity of said surfactant while maintaining surface activity.

Provided are a water dispersion of gel particles in which the gel particles which have a three-dimensional crosslinked structure including a thioether bond and an ethylenic double bond, have a hydrophilic group, and include a photopolymerization initiator are dispersed in water, a producing method of the water dispersion, and an image forming method using the water dispersion.

Provided are a water dispersion of gel particles in which the gel particles which have a three-dimensional crosslinked structure including a thioether bond and an ethylenic double bond, have a hydrophilic group, and include a photopolymerization initiator are dispersed in water, a producing method of the water dispersion, and an image forming method using the water dispersion.

Polymeric particles are provided that have pores (i.e., free volume or voids). The polymeric particles can be used to store or deliver active agents that are adsorbed in the pores of the polymeric particles. In many embodiments, the active agents are hydrophobic. Reaction mixtures and methods of forming the polymeric particles from the reaction mixtures are also provided.

Polymeric particles are provided that have pores (i.e., free volume or voids). The polymeric particles can be used to store or deliver active agents that are adsorbed in the pores of the polymeric particles. In many embodiments, the active agents are hydrophobic. Reaction mixtures and methods of forming the polymeric particles from the reaction mixtures are also provided.

An aqueous coating composition is provided that is preferably substantially free of bisphenol A. The coating composition is preferably a latex-based coating composition that includes a latex polymer formed from ingredients including an anionic and/or zwitterionic surfactant that includes one or more acid groups neutralized with a metallic base. The coating composition is useful in coating metal substrates such as, for example, interior and/or exterior surfaces of food or beverage containers.

To provide a method for producing an aqueous liquid containing a vinyl polymer, of which the production efficiency is high, without lowering the yield of the vinyl polymer.

When removing a hydrophilic organic solvent from a mixed liquid comprising a vinyl polymer, the hydrophilic organic solvent and water to produce an aqueous liquid containing the vinyl polymer, a liquid phase and a gas phase are formed in a closed container, a part of the liquid of the liquid phase is formed into small droplets and brought into contact with the gas phase to vaporize the hydrophilic organic solvent, and the vaporized hydrophilic organic solvent is removed from the closed container. Specifically, for example, a closed container 10 having a liquid inlet 22, a gas outlet 30, a liquid outlet 21, a liquid inlet 22 and a liquid outlet 21 which are connected and having an external circulating system provided with means to control the temperature and the pressure of liquid, is filled with a mixed liquid 40 to form a liquid phase 50 and a gas phase 51, the mixed liquid 40 of the liquid phase 50 is circulated from the liquid outlet 21 to the external circulating system 20, and the temperature and the pressure of the mixed liquid 41 in the external circulating system 20 are controlled to conditions such that the hydrophilic organic solvent is easily vaporized in liquid droplets in the gas phase 51, followed by discharging the mixed liquid 41 in the form of the small droplets from the liquid inlet 22 to the gas phase 51 and draining the gas in the gas phase 51 from the gas outlet 30.

An ethylene-(meth)acrylic acid copolymer has a portion having a melting temperature of 94° C. or higher. A content of the portion having the melting temperature of 94° C. or higher measured by a Successive Self-nucleation and Annealing (SSA) analysis is 1.5% or less. A water-dispersive composition includes the ethylene (meth)acrylic acid copolymer, a neutralizing agent and an aqueous medium.

An ethylene-(meth)acrylic acid copolymer has a portion having a melting temperature of 94° C. or higher. A content of the portion having the melting temperature of 94° C. or higher measured by a Successive Self-nucleation and Annealing (SSA) analysis is 1.5% or less. A water-dispersive composition includes the ethylene (meth)acrylic acid copolymer, a neutralizing agent and an aqueous medium.