Methods of recording a volume Bragg grating are provided. A recording medium is formed from a matrix polymer precursor, an inimer comprising a polymerizable functional group and a controlled radical reactive group, a first photoinitiator system that is more reactive with the polymerizable functional group than the controlled radical reactive group in the presence of an excitation source, and a photoredox catalyst. The medium is cured thereby forming a support matrix. The medium is exposed to light causing the first photoinitiator system to react with the polymerizable functional group and to polymerize the inimer within the support matrix thus forming a latent grating image of the volume Bragg grating within the medium. The latent grating image comprises a plurality of bright fringes and a plurality of dark fringes. A concentration of polymerized inimer is higher in the plurality of bright fringes than in the plurality of dark fringes.

Catalyst deactivating agents and compositions containing catalyst deactivating agents are disclosed. These catalyst deactivating agents can be used in methods of controlling polymerization reactions, methods of terminating polymerization reactions, methods of operating polymerization reactors, and methods of transitioning between catalyst systems.

Catalyst deactivating agents and compositions containing catalyst deactivating agents are disclosed. These catalyst deactivating agents can be used in methods of controlling polymerization reactions, methods of terminating polymerization reactions, methods of operating polymerization reactors, and methods of transitioning between catalyst systems.

Catalyst deactivating agents and compositions containing catalyst deactivating agents are disclosed. These catalyst deactivating agents can be used in methods of controlling polymerization reactions, methods of terminating polymerization reactions, methods of operating polymerization reactors, and methods of transitioning between catalyst systems.

A preparation method of comb structure temperature/pH-responsive polycarboxylic acid adopts acrylic ester, temperature/pH-responsive monomer and other raw materials to obtain polycarboxylic acid via acrylate monomer self-polymerization, grafting with temperature/pH-responsive monomers and hydrolyzation. In other words, acrylate is used as the reaction monomer to polymerize polyacrylate with controllable molecular weight under the action of initiator and chain transfer agent, then the graft copolymers are copolymerized with temperature/pH-responsive monomers to obtain graft copolymers with acrylate polymers main chain and temperature/pH-responsive polymer side chains. Finally, the graft copolymer is hydrolyzed to obtain the comb structure temperature/pH-responsive polycarboxylic acid with polyacrylic acid main chain and temperature/pH-responsive monomer side chain.

A preparation method of comb structure temperature/pH-responsive polycarboxylic acid adopts acrylic ester, temperature/pH-responsive monomer and other raw materials to obtain polycarboxylic acid via acrylate monomer self-polymerization, grafting with temperature/pH-responsive monomers and hydrolyzation. In other words, acrylate is used as the reaction monomer to polymerize polyacrylate with controllable molecular weight under the action of initiator and chain transfer agent, then the graft copolymers are copolymerized with temperature/pH-responsive monomers to obtain graft copolymers with acrylate polymers main chain and temperature/pH-responsive polymer side chains. Finally, the graft copolymer is hydrolyzed to obtain the comb structure temperature/pH-responsive polycarboxylic acid with polyacrylic acid main chain and temperature/pH-responsive monomer side chain.

Described are compositions and methods for inhibiting polymerization of a monomer (e.g., styrene) composition, which use an N—O polymerization inhibitor, a quinone methide polymerization retarder, and an amine stabilizer having a primary and/or secondary amine group. In a mixture, the amine-based stabilizer can prevent antagonistic effects and can provide greater antipolymerant activity. In turn, the mixture inhibits apparatus fouling and improves the purity of monomer streams.

Described are compositions and methods for inhibiting polymerization of a monomer (e.g., styrene) composition, which use an N—O polymerization inhibitor, a quinone methide polymerization retarder, and an amine stabilizer having a primary and/or secondary amine group. In a mixture, the amine-based stabilizer can prevent antagonistic effects and can provide greater antipolymerant activity. In turn, the mixture inhibits apparatus fouling and improves the purity of monomer streams.

Described are compositions and methods for inhibiting polymerization of a monomer (e.g., styrene) composition, which use an N—O polymerization inhibitor, a quinone methide polymerization retarder, and an amine stabilizer having a primary and/or secondary amine group. In a mixture, the amine-based stabilizer can prevent antagonistic effects and can provide greater antipolymerant activity. In turn, the mixture inhibits apparatus fouling and improves the purity of monomer streams.

The present invention improves the long-term storage stability of a polymerizable composition including an organoborane and a polymerizable monomer. A polymerizable composition includes (A) an organoborane, (B) an acidic group-free polymerizable monomer, and (C) a stabilizer for the organoborane (A), the composition being such that when the composition, after being allowed to stand at 45° C. for 48 hours, is analyzed with an E-type viscometer at a temperature of 25° C. and a rotational speed of 50 rpm, the ratio of the viscosity after the standing to the viscosity before the standing (viscosity after standing/viscosity before standing) is less than 100.