Provided is a polymerization initiator, which has an excellent curing rate and is an alternative to a polymerization initiator system using a benzoyl peroxide-aromatic amine compound, a curable composition containing the polymerization initiator, a dental material and dental filler material containing the composition, and a kit for preparing the curable composition. The polymerization initiator contains one or more compounds (A) selected from the group consisting of a pyrazolidinedione compound and/or pyrazolidine(di)thione compound (A1), a salt (A2) of the compound (A1), and a malonate compound (A3).

Provided is a polymerization initiator, which has an excellent curing rate and is an alternative to a polymerization initiator system using a benzoyl peroxide-aromatic amine compound, a curable composition containing the polymerization initiator, a dental material and dental filler material containing the composition, and a kit for preparing the curable composition. The polymerization initiator contains one or more compounds (A) selected from the group consisting of a pyrazolidinedione compound and/or pyrazolidine(di)thione compound (A1), a salt (A2) of the compound (A1), and a malonate compound (A3).

The present invention relates to novel chemical solutions suitable for forming polymer brushes on a surface of a solid part. The present invention further relates to methods of forming polymer brushes on the surface of a solid part using the novel chemical solutions as well as solid parts having polymer brushes coated onto the surface and uses of such solid parts.

The present invention relates to novel chemical solutions suitable for forming polymer brushes on a surface of a solid part. The present invention further relates to methods of forming polymer brushes on the surface of a solid part using the novel chemical solutions as well as solid parts having polymer brushes coated onto the surface and uses of such solid parts.

An object of the present invention is to provide a curable composition having sufficient polymerization properties even under acidic conditions. The curable composition of the present invention includes (a) a polymerizable monomer having an acidic group, (b) a transition metal compound, (c) at least one compound selected from benzoxazole compounds and benzothiazole compounds, and (d) a reducing agent.

The present invention provides a metallocene supported catalyst that can prepare a polyolefin having excellent transparency even when processed into a film, as well as excellent processibility and mechanical properties, with high catalytic activity, and a method for preparing a polyolefin using the same.

Systems and methods for Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) emulsion polymerization are provided. The ATRP emulsion polymerization comprises a suspending medium, a dispersed medium, a surfactant, a transition metal compound in a higher oxidation state, a ligand, and an ATRP initiator. The transition metal compound is capable of forming a catalyst complex in a presence of the ligand. The catalyst complex is soluble in the suspending medium and is capable of forming an ionic complex with the surfactant. The ionic complex is capable of moving between the suspending medium and the dispersed medium. A portion of the transition metal compound in the higher oxidation state within a portion of the catalyst complex is reduced by a physical and/or a chemical procedure thereby initiating a polymerization of one or more radically (co)polymerizable monomers by reaction with the initiator.

Systems and methods for Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) emulsion polymerization are provided. The ATRP emulsion polymerization comprises a suspending medium, a dispersed medium, a surfactant, a transition metal compound in a higher oxidation state, a ligand, and an ATRP initiator. The transition metal compound is capable of forming a catalyst complex in a presence of the ligand. The catalyst complex is soluble in the suspending medium and is capable of forming an ionic complex with the surfactant. The ionic complex is capable of moving between the suspending medium and the dispersed medium. A portion of the transition metal compound in the higher oxidation state within a portion of the catalyst complex is reduced by a physical and/or a chemical procedure thereby initiating a polymerization of one or more radically (co)polymerizable monomers by reaction with the initiator.

Materials and methods for conducting an atom transfer radical polymerization in the presence of oxygen by interlocking enzymatic activities are provided herein.

Materials and methods for conducting an atom transfer radical polymerization in the presence of oxygen by interlocking enzymatic activities are provided herein.