Animal repellent products may include a substrate in a physical form being one of: a ribbon, a string, a rope, a wire, individual sheets, tiles or any appropriate material. The substrate is pre-coated with a granular repellent substance. A first layer of non-drying temperature sensitive adhesive is coated over an entire or partial exposed surface of the substrate; wherein the non-drying temperature sensitive adhesive retains its adhesive characteristics without fully drying for an indefinite time period after prolonged exposure to sunlight and water in an outdoor environment. A second layer of granular repellent is coated over the first layer of non-drying temperature sensitive adhesive, wherein the granular repellent substance retains its chemical and physical characteristics for an indefinite time period after prolonged exposure to the sunlight and water in the outdoor environment, by giving off a repulsive scent to approaching animals and the granular repellent substance is water insoluble.

Animal repellent products may include a substrate in a physical form being one of: a ribbon, a string, a rope, a wire, individual sheets, tiles or any appropriate material. The substrate is pre-coated with a granular repellent substance. A first layer of non-drying temperature sensitive adhesive is coated over an entire or partial exposed surface of the substrate; wherein the non-drying temperature sensitive adhesive retains its adhesive characteristics without fully drying for an indefinite time period after prolonged exposure to sunlight and water in an outdoor environment. A second layer of granular repellent is coated over the first layer of non-drying temperature sensitive adhesive, wherein the granular repellent substance retains its chemical and physical characteristics for an indefinite time period after prolonged exposure to the sunlight and water in the outdoor environment, by giving off a repulsive scent to approaching animals and the granular repellent substance is water insoluble.

Disclosed herein are methods of controlling insect pests which infest crop plants, in particular Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm), Lygus hesperus (western tarnished plant bug), Euschistus heros (neotropical brown stink bug), and Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth), and methods of providing plants resistant to such pests. Also disclosed are polynucleotides and recombinant DNA molecules and constructs useful in such methods, insecticidal compositions such as topical sprays containing insecticidal double-stranded RNAs, and plants with improved resistance to infestation by these insects. Further disclosed are methods of selecting target genes for RNAi-mediated silencing and control of these insect pests.

Disclosed herein are methods of controlling insect pests which infest crop plants, in particular Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm), Lygus hesperus (western tarnished plant bug), Euschistus heros (neotropical brown stink bug), and Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth), and methods of providing plants resistant to such pests. Also disclosed are polynucleotides and recombinant DNA molecules and constructs useful in such methods, insecticidal compositions such as topical sprays containing insecticidal double-stranded RNAs, and plants with improved resistance to infestation by these insects. Further disclosed are methods of selecting target genes for RNAi-mediated silencing and control of these insect pests.

The current application relates to a liquid fertilizer composition for application to plants and soils, comprising an autothermal thermophilic aerobic bioreaction product from a liquid fraction of poultry manure and further to a method of improving health and productivity of a plant or crop using said composition and to a method of conditioning soil using said composition.

The current application relates to a liquid fertilizer composition for application to plants and soils, comprising an autothermal thermophilic aerobic bioreaction product from a liquid fraction of poultry manure and further to a method of improving health and productivity of a plant or crop using said composition and to a method of conditioning soil using said composition.

The current application relates to a liquid fertilizer composition for application to plants and soils, comprising an autothermal thermophilic aerobic bioreaction product from a liquid fraction of poultry manure and further to a method of improving health and productivity of a plant or crop using said composition and to a method of conditioning soil using said composition.

Bioactive priming polypeptides are provided that are useful when applied to plants in agricultural formulations. Methods of using the formulations containing the bioactive priming polypeptides are also provided which are applied exogenously to the surface of a plant or a plant cell membrane or endogenously to the interior of a plant or to a plant cell. The bioactive priming polypeptides when applied to a plant, a plant part, or a plant growth medium or a rhizosphere in an area surrounding the plant or the plant part increase growth, yield, health, longevity, productivity, and/or vigor of a plant or a plant part and/or decrease abiotic stress in the plant or the plant part and/or protect the plant or the plant part from disease, insects and/or nematodes, and/or increase the innate immune response of the plant or the plant part and/or change plant architecture.

Bioactive priming polypeptides are provided that are useful when applied to plants in agricultural formulations. Methods of using the formulations containing the bioactive priming polypeptides are also provided which are applied exogenously to the surface of a plant or a plant cell membrane or endogenously to the interior of a plant or to a plant cell. The bioactive priming polypeptides when applied to a plant, a plant part, or a plant growth medium or a rhizosphere in an area surrounding the plant or the plant part increase growth, yield, health, longevity, productivity, and/or vigor of a plant or a plant part and/or decrease abiotic stress in the plant or the plant part and/or protect the plant or the plant part from disease, insects and/or nematodes, and/or increase the innate immune response of the plant or the plant part and/or change plant architecture.

Endophytic microbial strains as biocatalysts isolated from fresh plant samples, compositions, and methods of use thereof to enhance the growth and/or yield of a plant in the presence of reduced synthetic nitrogen fertilizers are provided. Endophytic microbial strains serve as biocatalysts to solubilize organic (proteinaceous) nitrogen otherwise unavailable to plants for their nutritional needs. Thus defined, biocatalysts will serve to replace synthetic nitrogen fertilizers. Also provided are materials and methods for inoculating plants with these biocatalysts at carefully selected inoculum densities to reliably reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer by 50% thus accomplishing optimal yields in technically and cost-effective manner.