Provided is an ionomer resin including a copolymer containing the following first structural unit.

##STR00001##

L.sub.1 to L.sub.5 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkanol group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a specific functional group including an anion-exchange group, and an example of the functional group is Z.sub.2-M.sub.1-Z.sub.1(R.sub.1)(R.sub.2)(R.sub.3). R.sub.1 to R.sub.3 are directly bonded to Z.sub.1 and are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an alkanol group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. M.sub.1 is a linear hydrocarbon chain having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, Z.sub.1 is a nitrogen atom or a phosphorus atom, and Z.sub.2 is a nitrogen atom bonded to one hydrogen atom, an oxygen atom, or a sulfur atom. L.sub.6 is a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or an ethyl group.

The present invention provides a resin which enables the production of an organic field effect transistor element which has excellent resistance to bias stress by being used as a gate insulating film layer for an organic field effect transistor. The present invention provides a resin which comprises a repeating unit represented by Formula (1) and a repeating unit represented by Formula (2), wherein: the repeating unit represented by Formula (2) has a HOMO level of 6.4 eV or less; and 20% by mole or more of the repeating unit represented by Formula (2) is contained relative to the total amount of the repeating unit represented by Formula (1) and the repeating unit represented by Formula (2).

The present invention provides a resin which enables the production of an organic field effect transistor element which has excellent resistance to bias stress by being used as a gate insulating film layer for an organic field effect transistor. The present invention provides a resin which comprises a repeating unit represented by Formula (1) and a repeating unit represented by Formula (2), wherein: the repeating unit represented by Formula (2) has a HOMO level of 6.4 eV or less; and 20% by mole or more of the repeating unit represented by Formula (2) is contained relative to the total amount of the repeating unit represented by Formula (1) and the repeating unit represented by Formula (2).

The invention discloses a method for preparation of alkylated or fluoro, chloro and fluorochloro alkylated compounds by a heterogeneous Pt/C-catalyzed alkylation or fluoro, chloro and fluorochloro alkylation with alkyl halides or with fluoro, chloro and fluorochloro alkyl halides in the presence of Cs.sub.2CO.sub.3 or CsHCO.sub.3.

The invention discloses a method for preparation of alkylated or fluoro, chloro and fluorochloro alkylated compounds by a heterogeneous Pt/C-catalyzed alkylation or fluoro, chloro and fluorochloro alkylation with alkyl halides or with fluoro, chloro and fluorochloro alkyl halides in the presence of Cs.sub.2CO.sub.3 or CsHCO.sub.3.

Embodiments of the invention relate generally to anion exchange membranes and, more particularly, to anion exchange membranes comprising a styrene block copolymer and methods for their manufacture. In one embodiment, the invention provides a polymer according to formula IV, wherein x and y are mol %, QA is or each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is, independently, a linear alkyl chain or a cyclic alkyl chain, and Z is selected from a group consisting of: a linear alkyl chain, a cyclic alkyl chain, and an alkylene ether chain.

Embodiments of the invention relate generally to anion exchange membranes and, more particularly, to anion exchange membranes comprising a styrene block copolymer and methods for their manufacture. In one embodiment, the invention provides a polymer according to formula IV, wherein x and y are mol %, QA is or each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is, independently, a linear alkyl chain or a cyclic alkyl chain, and Z is selected from a group consisting of: a linear alkyl chain, a cyclic alkyl chain, and an alkylene ether chain.

The invention discloses a method for preparation of alkylated or fluoro, chloro and fluorochloro alkylated compounds by a heterogeneous Pt/C-catalyzed alkylation or fluoro, chloro and fluorochloro alkylation with alkyl halides or with fluoro, chloro and fluorochloro alkyl halides in the presence of Cs.sub.2C0.sub.3 or CsHC0.sub.3.

The invention discloses a method for preparation of alkylated or fluoro, chloro and fluorochloro alkylated compounds by a heterogeneous Pt/C-catalyzed alkylation or fluoro, chloro and fluorochloro alkylation with alkyl halides or with fluoro, chloro and fluorochloro alkyl halides in the presence of Cs.sub.2C0.sub.3 or CsHC0.sub.3.

An anion exchange membrane is composed of a copolymer of 1,1-diphenylethylene and one or more styrene monomers, such as 4-tert-butylstyrene. The copolymer includes a backbone substituted with a plurality of ionic groups coupled to phenyl groups on the backbone via hydrocarbyl tethers between about 1 and about 7 carbons in length. High-temperature conditions enabled by these copolymers enhance conductivity performance, making them particularly suitable for use in anion exchange membranes in fuel cells, electrolyzers employing hydrogen, ion separations, etc. The properties of the membranes can be tuned via the degree of functionalization of the phenyl groups and selection of the functional groups, such as quaternary ammonium groups. Several processes can be used to incorporate the desired ionic functional groups into the polymers, such as chloromethylation, radical bromination, Friedel-Crafts acylation and alkylation, sulfonation followed by amination, or combinations thereof.