Embossing resins, methods of manufacturing such resins, and electrokinetic display system, which includes display cells containing such resins. The resins include a fluoropolymer in weight percentage 5%-60%, a difunctional diluent in weight percentage 0-30%, a monofunctional diluent in weight percentage 0-40%, a urethane diacrylate or functionalized nanoscale material, e.g., a functionalized urethane material, in weight percentage 5-50%, a photoinitiator in weight percentage 0.5-5%, and a surfactant in weight percentage less than 0.5%. The difunctional diluent may be Hexanediol Diacrylate, and the monofunctional diluent may be a monofunctional hydrocarbon. The resins are made by identifying a target index of refraction for a cured state thereof, and combining together, by weight percentage, the constituent components to produce the liquid state version of the embossing resin having a desired composite index of refraction.

Embossing resins, methods of manufacturing such resins, and electrokinetic display system, which includes display cells containing such resins. The resins include a fluoropolymer in weight percentage 5%-60%, a difunctional diluent in weight percentage 0-30%, a monofunctional diluent in weight percentage 0-40%, a urethane diacrylate or functionalized nanoscale material, e.g., a functionalized urethane material, in weight percentage 5-50%, a photoinitiator in weight percentage 0.5-5%, and a surfactant in weight percentage less than 0.5%. The difunctional diluent may be Hexanediol Diacrylate, and the monofunctional diluent may be a monofunctional hydrocarbon. The resins are made by identifying a target index of refraction for a cured state thereof, and combining together, by weight percentage, the constituent components to produce the liquid state version of the embossing resin having a desired composite index of refraction.

The invention pertains to a method of making fluoropolymer dispersions using certain polyfunctional perfluoropolyether derivatives including a plurality of ionisable groups selected from the group consisting of —SO.sub.3X.sub.a, —PO.sub.3X.sub.a and —COOX.sub.a, whereas X.sub.a is H, an ammonium group or a monovalent metal, and whereas said groups are comprised as pendant groups in the perfluoropolyether chain, and to fluoropolymer dispersions therefrom.

The invention pertains to a method of making fluoropolymer dispersions using certain polyfunctional perfluoropolyether derivatives including a plurality of ionisable groups selected from the group consisting of —SO.sub.3X.sub.a, —PO.sub.3X.sub.a and —COOX.sub.a, whereas X.sub.a is H, an ammonium group or a monovalent metal, and whereas said groups are comprised as pendant groups in the perfluoropolyether chain, and to fluoropolymer dispersions therefrom.

To provide a monomer composition in which the solubility of the polymerization inhibitor in the cyclic monomer is good, the stability of the cyclic monomer during storage is good, and the cyclic monomer and the polymerization inhibitor are easily separated by distillation; and a method for producing a high molecular weight fluorinated polymer from the monomer composition. A monomer composition which comprises a specific cyclic monomer and a polymerization inhibitor, wherein the polymerization inhibitor is a polymerization inhibitor which satisfies (a) it is a 6-membered unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon having from 1 to 4 substituents, (b) it has, as the substituent, at least one type selected from the group consisting of a t-butyl group, a methyl group, an isopropenyl group, an oxo group and a hydroxy group, (c) in a case where it has an oxo group as one type of the substituent, it has, as the substituent other than the oxo group, either one or both of a t-butyl group and a methyl group, and (d) in a case where it has a hydroxy group as the substituent, the number of the hydroxy group is only one.

A polydifluoroacetylene containing a C═C bond and a C—F bond, the polydifluoroacetylene having a solubility of 0.2 g/10 g or less in dimethylformamide (DMF) at 25° C. Also disclosed is a method for producing the polydifluoroacetylene, a precursor polymer for providing the polydifluoroacetylene, a molded article including the polydifluoroacetylene and a polydifluoroacetylene powder.

A polydifluoroacetylene containing a C═C bond and a C—F bond, the polydifluoroacetylene having a solubility of 0.2 g/10 g or less in dimethylformamide (DMF) at 25° C. Also disclosed is a method for producing the polydifluoroacetylene, a precursor polymer for providing the polydifluoroacetylene, a molded article including the polydifluoroacetylene and a polydifluoroacetylene powder.

Disclosed is an antioxidant for a polymer electrolyte membrane of a fuel cell including cerium hydrogen phosphate (CeHPO.sub.4). The presence of cerium hydrogen phosphate in the antioxidant enhances the dissolution stability of cerium and improves the ability to capture water, leading to an increase in proton conductivity. In addition, the cerium hydrogen phosphate has a crystal structure composed of smaller cerium particles. This crystal structure greatly improves the ability of the antioxidant to prevent oxidation of the electrolyte membrane. Also disclosed are an electrolyte membrane including the antioxidant, a fuel cell including the electrolyte membrane, a method for preparing the antioxidant, a method for producing the electrolyte membrane, and a method for fabricating the fuel cell.

Described herein is method of making branched perfluorinated compounds, specifically (CF.sub.3).sub.2CFCF(CF.sub.3)OCF(CF.sub.3)C(═O)F and (CF.sub.3).sub.2CFCF(CF.sub.3)OCF═CF.sub.2. Also disclosed herein is a fluoropolymer derived from the branched perfluorovinyl ether monomer and methods of making the fluoropolymer.

The present invention is directed to partially fluorinated copolymers and the production thereof. More specifically, the copolymers, which are preferably produced by a solution polymerization process, preferably have at least three units, the first unit selected from 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, the second unit having a polymerized monomer selected from the vinyl esters and vinyl ethers, and the third unit having a polymerized monomer derived from a hydroxyl group-containing vinyl ether. The resulting copolymer is environmentally friendly, has favorable molecular weight characteristics, and may be shipped economically in high concentration.