To provide a charge transport layer excellent in the external quantum efficiency, and an organic photoelectronic element comprising the charge transport layer.

A charge transport layer comprising a film containing a fluorinated polymer and a semiconductor material, wherein the film has a material composition such that E.sub.th is within a range of from 0.010 to 0.080 MV/cm. An organic photoelectronic element comprising the charge transport layer.

Embossing resins, methods of manufacturing such resins, and electrokinetic display system, which includes display cells containing such resins. The resins include a fluoropolymer in weight percentage 5%-60%, a difunctional diluent in weight percentage 0-30%, a monofunctional diluent in weight percentage 0-40%, a urethane diacrylate or functionalized nanoscale material, e.g., a functionalized urethane material, in weight percentage 5-50%, a photoinitiator in weight percentage 0.5-5%, and a surfactant in weight percentage less than 0.5%. The difunctional diluent may be Hexanediol Diacrylate, and the monofunctional diluent may be a monofunctional hydrocarbon. The resins are made by identifying a target index of refraction for a cured state thereof, and combining together, by weight percentage, the constituent components to produce the liquid state version of the embossing resin having a desired composite index of refraction.

To provide a monomer composition in which the solubility of the polymerization inhibitor in the cyclic monomer is good, the stability of the cyclic monomer during storage is good, and the cyclic monomer and the polymerization inhibitor are easily separated by distillation; and a method for producing a high molecular weight fluorinated polymer from the monomer composition.

A monomer composition which comprises a specific cyclic monomer and a polymerization inhibitor, wherein the polymerization inhibitor is a polymerization inhibitor which satisfies (a) it is a 6-membered unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon having from 1 to 4 substituents, (b) it has, as the substituent, at least one type selected from the group consisting of a t-butyl group, a methyl group, an isopropenyl group, an oxo group and a hydroxy group, (c) in a case where it has an oxo group as one type of the substituent, it has, as the substituent other than the oxo group, either one or both of a t-butyl group and a methyl group, and (d) in a case where it has a hydroxy group as the substituent, the number of the hydroxy group is only one.

Provided is an insulated electrical wire having an insulating layer containing a fluororesin, wherein the flexibility is improved while maintaining the heat resistance of the fluororesin. The insulated electrical wire comprises a conductor and an insulating layer covering the periphery of the conductor, the insulating layer containing a fluorine-containing polymer comprising a polymer of a monomer containing one or two or more fluorine-containing monomers represented by the following formula (1):

CH.sub.2CHRf.sup.1(1)

wherein Rf.sup.1 is a perfluoroalkyl group, and Rf.sup.1 may contain one or more ether bonds.

The present invention is directed to partially fluorinated copolymers and the production thereof. More specifically, the copolymers, which are preferably produced by a solution polymerization process, preferably have at least three units, the first unit selected from 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, the second unit having a polymerized monomer selected from the vinyl esters and vinyl ethers, and the third unit having a polymerized monomer derived from a hydroxyl group-containing vinyl ether. The resulting copolymer is environmentally friendly, has favorable molecular weight characteristics, and may be shipped economically in high concentration.

A method of producing fibers, includes placing a composition that includes one or more fluoropolymers in the body of a fiber producing device and rotating the device at a speed sufficient to eject material from the fiber producing device to form fluoropolymer microfibers and/or nanofibers.

Multi-acid polymers for use as a fuel cell membrane, for example, have multi-acid monomers that have an imide base and more than two proton conducting groups. The multi-acid polymers are made by reacting a polymer precursor in sulfonyl fluoride or sulfonyl chloride form with a compound with an acid giving group. One example of a multi-acid polymer is: ##STR00001##
wherein R is one or more units of a non-SO.sub.2F or non-SO.sub.2Cl portion of a polymer precursor in sulfonyl fluoride or sulfonyl chloride form.

An adhesive composition includes a coupling agent composed of a compound having a first functional group that reacts with an inorganic material and a second functional group that reacts with an organic material, and a crosslinking agent capable of crosslinking with a crosslinking site of a fluorine-based elastomer. A seal structure body includes a metallic support, fluorine-based elastomer and adhesive composition that causes fluorine-based elastomer to adhere to metallic support. A method for manufacturing seal structure body includes the steps of providing metallic support and fluorine-based elastomer, and causing fluorine-based elastomer to adhere to metallic support by using adhesive composition. Accordingly, an adhesive composition with high adhesion strength as well as a seal structure body and a method for manufacturing the same are provided at low cost.

To provide a process for producing a fluorinated polymer having a cyclic structure at a relatively low cost, by efficiently recovering, from a mixture containing a fluorinated polymer obtained by polymerizing a perfluoromonomer having a cyclic structure and an unreacted perfluoromonomer having a cyclic structure, the unreacted perfluoromonomer having a cyclic structure. A monomer component containing a perfluoromonomer having a specific cyclic structure is polymerized in the presence of a polymerization initiator at a predetermined polymerization temperature to obtain a mixture containing a fluorinated polymer and an unreacted cyclic structure monomer, and the perfluoromonomer having a cyclic structure is recovered from the mixture at a temperature of at most the maximum ultimate temperature of the polymerization temperature+12 C. and at most the 10 hour half-life temperature of the polymerization initiator+12 C. under a pressure of less than the atmospheric pressure.

Medical instrument including a substrate using a fluorine-containing cyclic olefin polymer containing a structural unit represented by General Formula (1), in which the substrate has one surface where the substrate comes into contact with cells, and the substrate is provided with a convex-concave structure on the one surface, a ratio (L1/L2) of a width (L1) between convexities formed by the convex-concave structure and a maximum diameter (L2) of inoculated cells per cell in the cells is 1 to 300, and the cells do not adhere to or attach to the one surface provided with the convex-concave structure and the medical instrument promotes cell proliferation.

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are defined.