A compound represented by formula (I), a resin including a structural unit derived from the compound and a resist composition including the resin: ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl group in which a hydrogen atom may be replaced by a halogen atom, R.sup.2 represents a C.sub.1 to C.sub.12 fluorinated saturated hydrocarbon group, A.sup.1 represents a single bond, a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkanediyl group or *-A.sup.3-X.sup.1-(A.sup.4-X.sup.2)a-(A.sup.5)b-, * represents a binding site to an oxygen atom, A.sup.2, A.sup.3, A.sup.4 and A.sup.5 each independently represent a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkanediyl group, X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 each independently represent O, COO or OCO, W.sup.1 represents a C.sub.5 to C.sub.18 divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group, a represents 0 or 1, and b represents 0 or 1.

A multi-acid polymer has a multi-acid monomer with the following formula:

##STR00001##

wherein R is one or more units of a non-SOF.sub.2 or non-SO.sub.2Cl portion of a polymer precursor in sulfonyl fluoride or sulfonyl chloride form. Another multi-acid polymer has a multi-acid monomer with the following formula:

##STR00002##

wherein R is one or more units of a non-SOF.sub.2 or non-SO.sub.2Cl portion of a polymer precursor in sulfonyl fluoride or sulfonyl chloride form.

A fluoroelastomer comprising a copolymer of fluoroolefin monomers selected from one or more of the group consisting of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, and ethylenically unsaturated co-monomers; wherein the fluoroelastomer has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of from about 60 C. to about 53 C. A process of making the fluoroelastomer.

The present invention is directed to partially fluorinated copolymers and the production thereof. More specifically, the copolymers, which are preferably produced by a solution polymerization process, preferably have at least three units, the first unit selected from 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, the second unit having a polymerized monomer selected from the vinyl esters and vinyl ethers, and the third unit having a polymerized monomer derived from a hydroxyl group-containing vinyl ether. The resulting copolymer is environmentally friendly, has favorable molecular weight characteristics, and may be shipped economically in high concentration.

A method of making a multi-acid polymer comprising: reacting a polymer precursor in sulfonyl fluoride or sulfonyl chloride form with anhydrous ammonia to obtain a sulfonamide, wherein the polymer precursor in sulfonyl fluoride or sulfonyl chloride form has a formula RSO.sub.2F or RSO.sub.2Cl, respectively, with R being one of more units of the polymer precursor without sulfonyl fluoride or sulfonyl chloride, and wherein the sulfonamide has a formula RSO.sub.2NH.sub.2; and reacting the sulfonamide with a compound of a formula COOHX-AGG under a mild base condition, wherein X is one of C.sub.6H.sub.3 or N(CH.sub.2).sub.3 and AGG is an acid giving group, to form the multi-acid polymer having an imide base and more than two proton conducting groups.

A composition comprising at least one first divalent unit represented by formula: ##STR00001##
and at least one of a second divalent unit comprising a pendant Z group or a monovalent unit comprising a thioether linkage and a terminal Z group, wherein each Z group is independently selected from the group consisting of P(O)(OY).sub.2 and OP(O)(OY).sub.2. R and R are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Y is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, trialkylsilyl, and a counter cation. Methods of treating a surface using these compositions and articles with a surface in contact with these compositions are provided. Methods of making these compositions are also provided.

A resist composition includes (A1) a resin which includes a structural unit represented by formula (a4), a structural unit having a cyclic ether, and the resin has no acid-labile group, (A2) a resin having an acid-labile group, and an acid generator: ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and R.sup.4 represents a C.sub.1 to C.sub.24 saturated hydrocarbon group having a fluorine atom and a methylene group contained in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group.

The present invention provides a polymer compound for a conductive polymer, containing one or more repeating units (a) represented by the following general formula (1), the polymer compound for a conductive polymer being synthesized by ion-exchange of a lithium salt, a sodium salt, a potassium salt, or a nitrogen compound salt of a sulfonic acid residue, and having a weight average molecular weight in the range of 1,000 to 500,000. ##STR00001## There can be provided a polymer compound for a conductive polymer having a specific superacidic sulfo group which is soluble in an organic solvent, and suitably used for a fuel cell or a dopant for a conductive material.

A fluoroelastomer comprising a copolymer of fluoroolefin monomers selected from one or more of the group consisting of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, and ethylenically unsaturated co-monomers; wherein the fluoroelastomer has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of from about 60 C. to about 53 C. A process of making the fluoroelastomer.

The present invention is directed to partially fluorinated copolymers and the production thereof. More specifically, the copolymers, which are preferably produced by a solution polymerization process, preferably have at least three units, the first unit selected from 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, the second unit having a polymerized monomer selected from the vinyl esters and vinyl ethers, and the third unit having a polymerized monomer derived from a hydroxyl group-containing vinyl ether. The resulting copolymer is environmentally friendly, has favorable molecular weight characteristics, and may be shipped economically in high concentration.