A method includes forming spherical liquid droplets of a first liquid phase containing a polymer precursor dispersed in a second liquid phase, where nanowires are located at an interface of the first and the second liquid phase and the nanowires extend with their longest axis substantially perpendicular to a surface of the spherical liquid droplets, and polymerizing the polymer precursor in the spherical liquid droplets to form beads including a solid polymer core and multiple nanowires aligned with their longest axis substantially perpendicular to a surface of the solid polymer core.

Provided is a compound that can be used for a resin for a resist having excellent sensitivity, resolution, and etching resistance, or the like, by a compound represented by the following formula (1): ##STR00001##
(wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R.sub.2 represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, m represents an integer of 0 to 5, and n represents an integer of 0 to 4).

Provided are a composition for forming a primer layer capable of improving wettability of a curable composition for imprinting on a substrate while maintaining imprinting performance, a kit, a primer layer, and a laminate.

The composition for forming a primer layer which is used for forming a primer layer contains: a polymerizable compound having a viscosity of 200 to 2,000 mPa.Math.s at 23 C.; and a solvent, in which a content of the polymerizable compound in a nonvolatile component contained in the composition is greater than or equal to 30 mass %, a content of the solvent in the composition is greater than or equal to 98.0 mass %, and the primer layer is a liquid film in a case where a curable composition for imprinting is applied onto a surface of the primer layer, and the primer layer and the curable composition for imprinting are soluble to each other.

A polymerizable compound has a practical low melting point, excellent solubility in a general-purpose solvent, and can produce an optical film at low cost, exhibits low reflected luminance, and achieves uniform conversion of polarized light over a wide wavelength band, an optically anisotropic article.

Novel stress-reducing crosslinking oligomers that have application in dental restoratives, thin films, hardcoats, composites, adhesives, and other uses subject to stress reduction are described. The addition-fragmentation process of crosslinking results in a chain-transfer event that provides novel polymers that may be further functionalized. In addition, the addition-fragmentation oligomer comprises pendent functional groups that bond to a substrate by forming an ionic or covalent bond, or etch the substrate by chemically removing some material from the substrate.

A method of forming an etched part includes forming a substrate including a thermoset resin and etching a surface of the substrate. The thermoset resin includes a vat photopolymerization (VPP) thermoset resin and at least one of an etchable phase and etchable particles disposed within the VPP thermoset resin. The etching removes the etchable phase from the VPP thermoset resin at the surface of the substrate such that a plurality of micro-mechanical bonding sites are formed on an etched surface of the substrate.

A problem is to provide a fine resin particle formed by a simple method and capable of preventing fine resin particles from dropping out from substrates or binders and imparting scratch resistance to films, and a fine resin particle-containing composition. A solution is to provide a fine resin particle obtained by polymerizing one or two or more vinylic monomers and, in an infrared spectrum measured by an ATR method with an infrared spectrophotometer, having an absorbance ratio (B)/(A) in a range of 0.020 to 0.060 between the maximum peak height (maximum absorbance) (A) in a wavenumber range from 1700 cm.sup.?1 to 1800 cm.sup.?1 and the maximum peak height (maximum absorbance) (B) in a wavenumber range from 1600 cm.sup.?1 to 1700 cm.sup.?1.

The present invention provides a curable composition comprising (A) at least one (meth)acrylate; (B) at least one diaryliodonium salt; and (C) at least one latent amine catalyst, which can thermally be curable at a temperature of lower than 100? C. and can be also thermally curable and radiation curable. The present curable composition exhibits favorable adhesion strength on various substrates when cured.

A liquid crystal display includes: a first substrate, a second substrate overlapping the first substrate, a liquid crystal layer positioned between the first substrate and the second substrate and including a plurality of liquid crystal molecules, a first alignment layer positioned between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer, a second alignment layer positioned between the second substrate and the liquid crystal layer, and a plurality of protrusions positioned at at least one of between the first alignment layer and the liquid crystal layer and between the second alignment layer and the liquid crystal layer, wherein at least one among the plurality of protrusions includes a polymer of a reactive mesogen, and the reactive mesogen is represented by Chemical Formula 1:
P.sub.aA.sub.1OCH.sub.2.sub.nOA.sub.2P.sub.bChemical Formula 1.

Provided is a resin composition for a solid polymer fuel cell sealing material, the resin composition including a copolymer resin having a weight average molecular weight of 150,000 or more and formed by copolymerizing raw material components including: (a1) 5% by mass or more of styrene; and (b) 20% by mass or less of glycidyl (meth)acrylate. Preferably, the raw material components are configured to further include (c) one or more kinds of other polymerizable monomers selected from a hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate and an alkyl (meth)acrylate.