Metal oxide having a surface onto which a multitude of individual polymers are grafted, each polymer comprising an addition polymer having a first and a second end, and a first moiety comprising a terminal phosphonate group, which first moiety is bonded to the first end, which phosphonate group attaches to the metal oxide surface in such a way that the multitude of the grafted polymers comprises at least one group of adjacent polymers that have a stretched chain conformation wherein the adjacent stretched chains have a substantially parallel orientation, such that the polymers within said group together form a brush structure. Method of grafting a multitude of individual polymers onto a surface of a metal oxide.

Metal oxide having a surface onto which a multitude of individual polymers are grafted, each polymer comprising an addition polymer having a first and a second end, and a first moiety comprising a terminal phosphonate group, which first moiety is bonded to the first end, which phosphonate group attaches to the metal oxide surface in such a way that the multitude of the grafted polymers comprises at least one group of adjacent polymers that have a stretched chain conformation wherein the adjacent stretched chains have a substantially parallel orientation, such that the polymers within said group together form a brush structure. Method of grafting a multitude of individual polymers onto a surface of a metal oxide.

A poly(meth)acrylate represented by formula (1) can impart a hardcoat layer having exceptional scratch resistance, strong impact resistance, and excellent weather resistance, especially weather crack resistance.

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(R.sup.1-R.sup.4 represent hydrogen atoms, etc.; Y represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having a polycyclic structure; X represents a divalent or trivalent saturated hydrocarbon group in which at least one selected from oxygen atoms, etc., may be interposed; T represents a urethane group (bonds with X by an oxygen atom); Q represents a divalent or trivalent saturated hydrocarbon group in which at least one selected from oxygen atoms, etc., may be interposed; P represents a (meth)acryloyloxy group; a and c represent the number of Q-T bonded to X, a and c being 1 when X is divalent and 2 when X is trivalent; b and d represent the number of (meth)acryloyloxy groups bonded to Q, b and d being 1 or 2 when a or c is 1, and being 2, 3, or 4 when a is 2; and n represents an integer of 0-6.)

The present application provides a block copolymer and uses thereof. The block copolymer of the present application exhibits an excellent self-assembling property or phase separation property, can be provided with a variety of required functions without constraint and, especially, etching selectivity can be secured, making the block copolymer effectively applicable to such uses as pattern formation.

The present application provides a block copolymer and uses thereof. The block copolymer of the present application exhibits an excellent self-assembling property or phase separation property, can be provided with a variety of required functions without constraint and, especially, etching selectivity can be secured, making the block copolymer effectively applicable to such uses as pattern formation.

There is provided a resin formulation comprising a resin precursor, a crosslinking additive, a photoinitiator, and at least one luminescent dye, wherein the crosslinking additive comprises a functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, alkoxyl, carboxylic acid, amine, amide, alkylacrylate, acrylate, epoxy, alkyl and heterocycloalkyl. The crosslinking additive of the resin formulation may help to homogeneously disperse the luminescent dye in the resin formulation and decrease the viscosity by improving the miscibility and polarity between the resin precursor and the luminescent dye, leading to an increase of solidification rate of the resin formulation during 3D printing such as stereolithography and digital light processing (DLP). There is also provided a method of preparing the resin formulation and uses of the resin formulation thereof.

There is provided a resin formulation comprising a resin precursor, a crosslinking additive, a photoinitiator, and at least one luminescent dye, wherein the crosslinking additive comprises a functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, alkoxyl, carboxylic acid, amine, amide, alkylacrylate, acrylate, epoxy, alkyl and heterocycloalkyl. The crosslinking additive of the resin formulation may help to homogeneously disperse the luminescent dye in the resin formulation and decrease the viscosity by improving the miscibility and polarity between the resin precursor and the luminescent dye, leading to an increase of solidification rate of the resin formulation during 3D printing such as stereolithography and digital light processing (DLP). There is also provided a method of preparing the resin formulation and uses of the resin formulation thereof.

The present disclosure is directed to resins and to polymers, copolymers, and blends formed therefrom.

The present disclosure is directed to resins and to polymers, copolymers, and blends formed therefrom.

The present disclosure is directed to resins and to polymers, copolymers, and blends formed therefrom.