A water-based binder solution comprises a thermoplastic binder, greater than or equal to 4 wt % to less than or equal to 20 wt % of a non-aqueous solvent having a boiling point greater than or equal to 100 C. and less than or equal to 175 C., and water. The thermoplastic binder comprises a first polymer strand having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of from 5,000 g/mol to 15,000 g/mol; and at least one of a second polymer strand having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of from 10,000 g/mol to 50,000 g/mol and a third polymer strand having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of from 1,000 g/mol to 5,000 g/mol. A method of monitoring a print head of an additive manufacture process comprises depositing a water-based binder solution on the thermal paper.

Chiral polyvinylpyrrolidinone (CSPVP), complexes of CSPVP with a core species, such as a bimetallic nanocluster catalyst, and enantioselective oxidation reactions utilizing such complexes are disclosed. The catalytic complexes have exhibited the ability to achieve reaction products have a very high degree of optical purifies. These reaction products can be used as reagents in the synthesis of complex organic molecules, such as bioactive products, and CH bond oxidation of complex molecules including various drugs and natural products.

Chiral polyvinylpyrrolidinone (CSPVP), complexes of CSPVP with a core species, such as a bimetallic nanocluster catalyst, and enantioselective oxidation reactions utilizing such complexes are disclosed. The catalytic complexes have exhibited the ability to achieve reaction products have a very high degree of optical purifies. These reaction products can be used as reagents in the synthesis of complex organic molecules, such as bioactive products, and CH bond oxidation of complex molecules including various drugs and natural products.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a polymer based on N-vinyl lactam monomer units, which comprises a step (E) for controlled radical polymerization of a composition comprising: monomers containing (and most often consisting of) N-vinyl lactam monomers, either identical or different (and generally identical); an agent for controlling the radical polymerization, for example comprising a thiocarbonylthio group S(CS); and a radical polymerization initiator which is a redox system comprising a reducing agent (Red) and an oxidizing agent (Ox).

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a polymer based on N-vinyl lactam monomer units, which comprises a step (E) for controlled radical polymerization of a composition comprising: monomers containing (and most often consisting of) N-vinyl lactam monomers, either identical or different (and generally identical); an agent for controlling the radical polymerization, for example comprising a thiocarbonylthio group S(CS); and a radical polymerization initiator which is a redox system comprising a reducing agent (Red) and an oxidizing agent (Ox).

The organic-inorganic composite of the present invention includes an organic compound having a carbonyl group, an inorganic compound containing a metal component, and a silver component. The ratio of the number of metal atoms in the inorganic compound to the number of carbon atoms in the organic compound is from 0.04 to 1.60, and the ratio of the number of silver atoms in the silver component to the number of carbon atoms in the organic compound is from 0.07 to 0.55. The organic-inorganic composite may include, for example, an inorganic compound having a metal matrix structure containing a metal M and oxygen, an organic compound having a carbonyl group, and silver ions. The carbonyl group is bonded to a side chain R.sup.1 of the organic compound and has an end group R.sup.2.

An object of the present invention is to provide a means capable of stably storing an extracellular vesicle. The present invention relates to a storage stabilizer for an extracellular vesicle, which contains a copolymer containing a monomer unit derived from vinylpyrrolidone and a monomer unit derived from vinyl acetate, or a polymer having a monomer unit derived from vinylpyrrolidone such as polyvinylpyrrolidone and relates to a storage stabilization method for an extracellular vesicle, which includes cryopreserving an extracellular vesicle in the presence of the polymer.

An object of the present invention is to provide a means capable of stably storing an extracellular vesicle. The present invention relates to a storage stabilizer for an extracellular vesicle, which contains a copolymer containing a monomer unit derived from vinylpyrrolidone and a monomer unit derived from vinyl acetate, or a polymer having a monomer unit derived from vinylpyrrolidone such as polyvinylpyrrolidone and relates to a storage stabilization method for an extracellular vesicle, which includes cryopreserving an extracellular vesicle in the presence of the polymer.

In various embodiments, a water-based binder solution for use in additive manufacturing, includes a thermoplastic binder. The thermoplastic binder includes a first polymer strand having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of from greater than or equal to 5,000 g/mol to less than or equal to 15,000 g/mol, a second polymer strand having a weight average molecular weight of from greater than or equal to 10,000 g/mol to less than or equal to 50,000 g/mol, and a third polymer strand having a weight average molecular weight of from greater than or equal to 1,000 g/mol to less than or equal to 5,000 g/mol. The binder solution further comprises from greater than or equal to 0.1 wt % to less than or equal to 5 wt % of a non-aqueous solvent having a boiling point of greater than 100 C.

Objective of the present invention to provide a process for the preparation of N-vinylpyrrolidone polymers, containing less than 0.5 wt % of 2-pyrrolidone, by solution polymerization in aqueous medium.