Provided is a method for producing an aqueous dispersion of a fluorine-containing elastomer, comprising polymerizing a fluorine-containing monomer in the presence of a fluorine-containing compound (1) represented by general formula (1) and an aqueous medium to produce an aqueous dispersion of a fluorine-containing elastomer:

CX.sup.1X.sup.2═CX.sup.3—Z  General formula (1):

wherein X.sup.1 to X.sup.3 are each independently H, F, or a fluorine-containing alkyl group; when X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are both H, X.sup.3 is F or a fluorine-containing alkyl group; Z is a group represented by —COOM, —SO.sub.3M, —OSO.sub.3M, —PO(OM).sub.2, —OPO(OM).sub.2, —BO(OM).sub.2, or —OBO(OM).sub.2; M is H, a metal atom, NR.sup.1.sub.4, optionally substituted imidazolium, optionally substituted pyridinium, or optionally substituted phosphonium; and R.sup.1 is independently H or an organic group, and any two R.sup.1 are optionally bonded to each other to form a ring.

The present application relates to a block copolymer and its use. The present application can provides a block copolymer that has an excellent self assembling property or phase separation property and therefore can be used in various applications and its use.

The present application relates to a block copolymer and its use. The present application can provides a block copolymer that has an excellent self assembling property or phase separation property and therefore can be used in various applications and its use.

The present invention provides a flexible pipe having excellent blister resistance in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment even though including a thick resin pipe. The flexible pipe includes a resin pipe having a thickness of greater than 5 mm. The resin pipe is formed from a resin having a CO.sub.2 permeability coefficient P(CO.sub.2) of 20×10.sup.−9 cm.sup.3.Math.cm/cm.sup.2.Math.s.Math.cmHg or lower at 150° C., a CH.sub.4 permeability coefficient P(CH.sub.4) of 10×10.sup.−9 cm.sup.3.Math.cm/cm.sup.2.Math.s.Math.cmHg or lower at 150° C., a ratio D(CO.sub.2)/S(CO.sub.2) between a CO.sub.2 diffusion coefficient D(CO.sub.2) and a CO.sub.2 solubility coefficient S(CO.sub.2) of 3×10.sup.−5 Pa.Math.m.sup.2/s or higher at 150° C., and a ratio D(CH.sub.4)/S(CH.sub.4) between a CH.sub.4 diffusion coefficient D(CH.sub.4) and a CH.sub.4 solubility coefficient S(CH.sub.4) of higher than 15×10.sup.−5 Pa.Math.m.sup.2/s at 150° C.

The present application relates to a block copolymer and its use. The present application can provides a block copolymer that has an excellent self assembling property or phase separation property and therefore can be used in various applications and its use.

The present application relates to a block copolymer and its use. The present application can provides a block copolymer that has an excellent self assembling property or phase separation property and therefore can be used in various applications and its use.

The present application relates to a block copolymer and uses thereof. The present application can provide a block copolymer—which exhibits an excellent self-assembling property and thus can be used effectively in a variety of applications—and uses thereof.

The present application relates to a block copolymer and uses thereof. The present application can provide a block copolymer—which exhibits an excellent self-assembling property and thus can be used effectively in a variety of applications—and uses thereof.

The invention relates to a method for preparation of a polymer from monomers comprising polyvinylidene fluoride, trifluoroethylene and a third monomer, the method successively comprising: injection of all the monomers to react into a reactor; initiation of a polymerization of the monomers; a continuation step (a) of the polymerization of the monomers, during which a drop in pressure in the reactor is compensated.

A compound having a group represented by the formula (Ia): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 represents a C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 fluorinated alkyl group, R.sup.2 represents a group having an optionally substituted C.sub.5 to C.sub.18 alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and * represents a binding site.