A method of preparing hydrophobicizing leather treatment compositions includes the steps of a) free-radically initiated copolymerization of i) at least one ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or its derivatives, and ii) at least one (meth)acrylate of a primary saturated C.sub.8 to C.sub.22 alcohol, b) mixing the reaction mixture obtained after step a) with water, c) salting at least some of the carboxyl groups of the reaction mixture obtained after step b) with a base, and d) shearing the reaction mixture obtained after step c) to an average particle size of 0.05-10 μm,
wherein step a) is carried out in oil as reaction medium and wherein the atmosphere in step a) contains less than 0.1% by volume of an oxidizing gas.

A method of preparing hydrophobicizing leather treatment compositions includes the steps of a) free-radically initiated copolymerization of i) at least one ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or its derivatives, and ii) at least one (meth)acrylate of a primary saturated C.sub.8 to C.sub.22 alcohol, b) mixing the reaction mixture obtained after step a) with water, c) salting at least some of the carboxyl groups of the reaction mixture obtained after step b) with a base, and d) shearing the reaction mixture obtained after step c) to an average particle size of 0.05-10 μm,
wherein step a) is carried out in oil as reaction medium and wherein the atmosphere in step a) contains less than 0.1% by volume of an oxidizing gas.

Phosphine phosphonate and phenoxyphosphine ligands bearing polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains are used as described herein to produce heterobimetallic catalysts. The ligands can be metallated selectively with palladium or nickel and secondary metal ions to provide well-defined heterobimetallic compounds. These heterobimetallic complexes exhibit accelerated reaction rates and greater thermal stability in olefin polymerization compared to other catalysts.

Phosphine phosphonate and phenoxyphosphine ligands bearing polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains are used as described herein to produce heterobimetallic catalysts. The ligands can be metallated selectively with palladium or nickel and secondary metal ions to provide well-defined heterobimetallic compounds. These heterobimetallic complexes exhibit accelerated reaction rates and greater thermal stability in olefin polymerization compared to other catalysts.

An inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition contains an inorganic solid electrolyte having an ion conductivity of a metal belonging to Group 1 or Group 2 in the periodic table, a polymer binder, and a dispersion medium, where the polymer binder includes a polymer binder of which an adsorption rate with respect to the inorganic solid electrolyte in the dispersion medium is less than 60%.

An inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition contains an inorganic solid electrolyte having an ion conductivity of a metal belonging to Group 1 or Group 2 in the periodic table, a polymer binder, and a dispersion medium, where the polymer binder includes a polymer binder of which an adsorption rate with respect to the inorganic solid electrolyte in the dispersion medium is less than 60%.

Materials and methods for modifying semiconducting substrate surfaces in order to dramatically change surface energy are provided. Preferred materials include perfluorocarbon molecules or polymers with various functional groups. The functional groups (carboxylic acids, hydroxyls, epoxies, aldehydes, and/or thiols) attach materials to the substrate surface by physical adsorption or chemical bonding, while the perfluorocarbon components contribute to low surface energy. Utilization of the disclosed materials and methods allows rapid transformation of surface properties from hydrophilic to hydrophobic (water contact angle 120° and PGMEA contact angle) 70°. Selective liquiphobic modifications of copper over Si/SiOx, TiOx over Si/SiOx, and SiN over SiOx are also demonstrated.

Materials and methods for modifying semiconducting substrate surfaces in order to dramatically change surface energy are provided. Preferred materials include perfluorocarbon molecules or polymers with various functional groups. The functional groups (carboxylic acids, hydroxyls, epoxies, aldehydes, and/or thiols) attach materials to the substrate surface by physical adsorption or chemical bonding, while the perfluorocarbon components contribute to low surface energy. Utilization of the disclosed materials and methods allows rapid transformation of surface properties from hydrophilic to hydrophobic (water contact angle 120° and PGMEA contact angle) 70°. Selective liquiphobic modifications of copper over Si/SiOx, TiOx over Si/SiOx, and SiN over SiOx are also demonstrated.

The present invention relates to a dispersant composition for carbon nanotubes, containing: a copolymer that includes a structural unit A represented by the following general formula (1) and a structural unit B represented by the following general formula (2); and a solvent, wherein the content of the structural unit B in all structural units of the copolymer is 20 mass % or more. In the following formulae, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, and R.sup.7 are the same or different from each other and are each a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or an ethyl group, R.sup.4 is a hydrocarbon group having 16 to 30 carbon atoms, R.sup.8 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms, X.sup.1 is on oxygen atom or NH, X.sup.2 is an oxygen atom, p is the number of 1 to 8, and R.sup.9 is a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or an ethyl group.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a dispersant composition for carbon nanotubes, containing: a copolymer that includes a structural unit A represented by the following general formula (1) and a structural unit B represented by the following general formula (2); and a solvent, wherein the content of the structural unit B in all structural units of the copolymer is 20 mass % or more. In the following formulae, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, and R.sup.7 are the same or different from each other and are each a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or an ethyl group, R.sup.4 is a hydrocarbon group having 16 to 30 carbon atoms, R.sup.8 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms, X.sup.1 is on oxygen atom or NH, X.sup.2 is an oxygen atom, p is the number of 1 to 8, and R.sup.9 is a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or an ethyl group.

##STR00001##