A polyacrylamide resin has at least one kind of a first unit represented by the following formulas (1) to (4) and a second unit represented by the following formula (5).

##STR00001##

(In the above-described formulas (1) to (4), R1 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a benzyl group; R2 and R3 are independent and represent a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a benzyl group; and X represents an anion.)

##STR00002##

(In the above-described formula (5), R4 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and R5 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal ion, or an ammonium ion.)

A water- and oil-proofing composition stable under highly alkaline conditions is provided. A water- and oil-proofing composition comprising a fluorinated polymer and an aqueous medium, wherein the fluorinated polymer comprises units based on a monomer a and units based on a monomer b. Monomer a: a compound represented by CH.sub.2═CH—R.sup.f (wherein R.sup.f is a C.sub.1-8 perfluoroalkyl group). Monomer b: a compound having a polymerizable unsaturated group and a cationic group.

A water- and oil-proofing composition stable under highly alkaline conditions is provided. A water- and oil-proofing composition comprising a fluorinated polymer and an aqueous medium, wherein the fluorinated polymer comprises units based on a monomer a and units based on a monomer b. Monomer a: a compound represented by CH.sub.2═CH—R.sup.f (wherein R.sup.f is a C.sub.1-8 perfluoroalkyl group). Monomer b: a compound having a polymerizable unsaturated group and a cationic group.

A grafted polyvinyl alcohol polymer has a balance between hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity. The grafted polyvinyl alcohol polymer has a chemical functionality that allows for adsorption onto the pulp fibers, polymer film formation upon drying, repelling water upon wetting, polymer film swelling and breaking for prolonged wetting by water. When incorporated into paper products, the polymer can provide a paper having improved wet strength, temporary water repellency, and/or is dispersible in aqueous solutions.

A grafted polyvinyl alcohol polymer has a balance between hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity. The grafted polyvinyl alcohol polymer has a chemical functionality that allows for adsorption onto the pulp fibers, polymer film formation upon drying, repelling water upon wetting, polymer film swelling and breaking for prolonged wetting by water. When incorporated into paper products, the polymer can provide a paper having improved wet strength, temporary water repellency, and/or is dispersible in aqueous solutions.

A surface treatment liquid capable of forming a hydrophilic resinous coating film adhering well to a surface of an object to be surface-treated and providing a surface treatment effect that does not decrease over time, even when the surface-treated article is exposed to a variety of agents, and a surface treatment method using the surface treatment liquid is provided.

A surface treatment liquid including a polymerizable compound (A), a thermal polymerization initiator (B), and a solvent (S), in which the polymerizable compound (A) includes a betaine monomer (a1) having a group including an ethylenic unsaturated double bond, an anionic group, and a cationic group, an unsaturated group-containing silicon compound (a2) having a group including an ethylenic unsaturated double bond, and a hydrolyzable silyl group, and/or a polar polymerizable compound (a3) having an ethylenic unsaturated double bond, and a polar group selected from amino group, carboxylic group, mercapto group, hydroxy group, and cyano group is used.

Pharmaceutical compositions for and methods of treating an animal, including a human, and methods of preparing such compositions. The pharmaceutical compositions contain crosslinked amine polymers and may be used, for example, to treat diseases or other metabolic conditions in which removal of protons and/or chloride ions from the gastrointestinal tract would provide physiological benefits such as normalizing serum bicarbonate concentrations and the blood pH in an animal, including a human.

Pharmaceutical compositions for and methods of treating an animal, including a human, and methods of preparing such compositions. The pharmaceutical compositions contain crosslinked amine polymers and may be used, for example, to treat diseases or other metabolic conditions in which removal of protons and/or chloride ions from the gastrointestinal tract would provide physiological benefits such as normalizing serum bicarbonate concentrations and the blood pH in an animal, including a human.

Pharmaceutical compositions for and methods of treating an animal, including a human, and methods of preparing such compositions. The pharmaceutical compositions contain crosslinked amine polymers and may be used, for example, to treat diseases or other metabolic conditions in which removal of protons and/or chloride ions from the gastrointestinal tract would provide physiological benefits such as normalizing serum bicarbonate concentrations and the blood pH in an animal, including a human.

Pharmaceutical compositions for and methods of treating an animal, including a human, and methods of preparing such compositions. The pharmaceutical compositions contain crosslinked amine polymers and may be used, for example, to treat diseases or other metabolic conditions in which removal of protons and/or chloride ions from the gastrointestinal tract would provide physiological benefits such as normalizing serum bicarbonate concentrations and the blood pH in an animal, including a human.