Processes of polymerizing polyolefins and synthesis of activators. The polymerization processes include polymerizing one or more (C.sub.2-C.sub.12)α-olefin monomers in the presence of at least one catalyst and at least one co-catalyst to produce a polyolefin. The co-catalyst includes a cation and an anion, in which the anion has a structure having a vinyl terminated alkene, one boron atom or more than one boron atoms, and at least four halogen atoms. The anion of the co-catalysts is incorporated into a polymer chain of the polyolefin.

A method for treating or preventing saccharide-related diseases or disorders, comprising administering a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of a polymer comprising at least one boronic acid group to a subject having or at risk of having a saccharide-related disease or disorder.

The disclosure relates to cationic boronic acid containing polymers and to methods of using the same to treat metabolic and gastrointestinal disorders.

The disclosure relates to cationic boronic acid containing polymers and to methods of using the same to treat metabolic and gastrointestinal disorders.

Methods and compositions for improving performance of flocculants in an industrial production process. Methods include pH triggered cross-linking reaction between a flocculating agent, such as dextran, and a composition comprising a boronic acid-containing polymer. The pH trigger can be provided by a fluid having a pH of 8 or more. The production process can be a Bayer Process and the fluid is caustic liquor or slurry in the fluid circuit of the Bayer, wherein the reaction time is reduced over conventional methods and the cross-linked dextran composition effectuates improved flocculation of the trihydrate particles.

Methods and compositions for improving performance of flocculants in an industrial production process. Methods include pH triggered cross-linking reaction between a flocculating agent, such as dextran, and a composition comprising a boronic acid-containing polymer. The pH trigger can be provided by a fluid having a pH of 8 or more. The production process can be a Bayer Process and the fluid is caustic liquor or slurry in the fluid circuit of the Bayer, wherein the reaction time is reduced over conventional methods and the cross-linked dextran composition effectuates improved flocculation of the trihydrate particles.

Methods and compositions for improving performance of flocculants in an industrial production process. Methods include pH triggered cross-linking reaction between a flocculating agent, such as dextran, and a composition comprising a boronic acid-containing polymer. The pH trigger can be provided by a fluid having a pH of 8 or more. The production process can be a Bayer Process and the fluid is caustic liquor or slurry in the fluid circuit of the Bayer, wherein the reaction time is reduced over conventional methods and the cross-linked dextran composition effectuates improved flocculation of the trihydrate particles.

The invention concerns additive compositions obtained by mixing at least two thermoassociative and exchangeable compounds and at least one boronic ester compound that enables the association of these two copolymers to be controlled; a lubricating composition obtained by mixing at least one lubricating base oil, at least two thermoassociative and exchangeable compounds, and at least one boronic ester compound that enables the association of these two copolymers to be controlled; a method for adjusting the viscosity of a lubricating composition obtained by mixing at least one lubricating base oil and at least two thermoassociative and exchangeable compounds; and the use of a boronic ester compound to adjust the viscosity of a lubricating composition.

The invention concerns additive compositions obtained by mixing at least two thermoassociative and exchangeable compounds and at least one boronic ester compound that enables the association of these two copolymers to be controlled; a lubricating composition obtained by mixing at least one lubricating base oil, at least two thermoassociative and exchangeable compounds, and at least one boronic ester compound that enables the association of these two copolymers to be controlled; a method for adjusting the viscosity of a lubricating composition obtained by mixing at least one lubricating base oil and at least two thermoassociative and exchangeable compounds; and the use of a boronic ester compound to adjust the viscosity of a lubricating composition.

Polymers including a repeating unit of the following formula I are disclosed. A repeating structural unit E is selected from a structural unit of the following formula (1) or (2). Mixtures and formulations containing the polymers are also disclosed.