The present invention provides: a novel production technique that enables production of a polymer whose molecular weight and molecular weight distribution are controlled and production of a polymer having a complicated structure in a desirably controlled manner using commercially available materials without using a radical polymerization initiator or a special material for use in living radical polymerization and without the need for strict polymerization conditions; and a radical polymerization initiating group-containing compound for use in the technique. The present invention relates to: a method for producing a polymer, the method including a polymerization step of mixing and warming (1) a radically polymerizable monomer, (2) an organic compound wherein at least one group that functions as a group for initiating polymerization of the monomer and that has a structure represented by formula 1 or formula 2 (X in the formula represents Cl or Br) is introduced in a molecule of the organic compound, and (3) an iodine-containing compound, thereby initiating, from the group having the structure, radical polymerization accompanied by a termination reaction; and the organic compound of (2) for use in the method. ##STR00001##

The present invention provides a method for crosslinking an acrylic emulsion with a (meth)acrylate monomer or a (meth)acrylate oligomer including adding a base acrylic emulsion to a vessel, adding at least one (meth)acrylate crosslinker to the vessel, incorporating the at least one (meth)acrylate crosslinker into the base acrylic emulsion to create a two-phase system including water and a phase including crosslinkers of the at least one (meth)acrylate crosslinker inside acrylic emulsion particles of the base acrylic emulsion, applying the two-phase system to a surface, and curing the two-phase system to create a final system including a film and crosslinked crosslinkers.

The present invention provides a method for crosslinking an acrylic emulsion with a (meth)acrylate monomer or a (meth)acrylate oligomer including adding a base acrylic emulsion to a vessel, adding at least one (meth)acrylate crosslinker to the vessel, incorporating the at least one (meth)acrylate crosslinker into the base acrylic emulsion to create a two-phase system including water and a phase including crosslinkers of the at least one (meth)acrylate crosslinker inside acrylic emulsion particles of the base acrylic emulsion, applying the two-phase system to a surface, and curing the two-phase system to create a final system including a film and crosslinked crosslinkers.

The present invention provides a method for crosslinking an acrylic emulsion with a (meth)acrylate monomer or a (meth)acrylate oligomer including adding a base acrylic emulsion to a vessel, adding at least one (meth)acrylate crosslinker to the vessel, incorporating the at least one (meth)acrylate crosslinker into the base acrylic emulsion to create a two-phase system including water and a phase including crosslinkers of the at least one (meth)acrylate crosslinker inside acrylic emulsion particles of the base acrylic emulsion, applying the two-phase system to a surface, and curing the two-phase system to create a final system including a film and crosslinked crosslinkers.

The present disclosure relates to a photopolymer composition for hologram production comprising a polymer matrix or a precursor thereof having a glass transition temperature of 80° C. or less; a photoreactive monomer; a low refractive index fluorine-based compound; and a photoinitiator, a hologram recording medium produced from the photopolymer composition, an optical element comprising the hologram recording medium, and a holographic recording method using the hologram recording medium.

The present disclosure relates to a photopolymer composition for hologram production comprising a polymer matrix or a precursor thereof having a glass transition temperature of 80° C. or less; a photoreactive monomer; a low refractive index fluorine-based compound; and a photoinitiator, a hologram recording medium produced from the photopolymer composition, an optical element comprising the hologram recording medium, and a holographic recording method using the hologram recording medium.

A multistage emulsion polymerization process comprises polymerizing a first monomer composition comprising from 50 to 95 weight percent of vinyl acetate, from 5 to 40 weight percent of at least one vinyl ester of a C.sub.5 to C.sub.18 unsaturated carboxylic acid, and optionally up to 40 weight percent of ethylene, all based on the total weight of monomers in the first monomer composition, to produce a first stage polymer. A second monomer composition comprising 40 to 89.95 weight percent of at least one ester of methacrylic acid or a vinyl aromatic monomer, 10 to 59.95 weight percent of at least one ester of acrylic acid, and from 0.05 to 10 weight percent of at least one comonomer with acid functionality, based on the total weight of monomers in the second monomer composition, is then polymerized in the presence of the first stage polymer to produce a second stage polymer.

A multistage emulsion polymerization process comprises polymerizing a first monomer composition comprising from 50 to 95 weight percent of vinyl acetate, from 5 to 40 weight percent of at least one vinyl ester of a C.sub.5 to C.sub.18 unsaturated carboxylic acid, and optionally up to 40 weight percent of ethylene, all based on the total weight of monomers in the first monomer composition, to produce a first stage polymer. A second monomer composition comprising 40 to 89.95 weight percent of at least one ester of methacrylic acid or a vinyl aromatic monomer, 10 to 59.95 weight percent of at least one ester of acrylic acid, and from 0.05 to 10 weight percent of at least one comonomer with acid functionality, based on the total weight of monomers in the second monomer composition, is then polymerized in the presence of the first stage polymer to produce a second stage polymer.

To provide a compound that is capable of improving the function of an organic material.

The present technology provides a compound represented by the following general formula (1).

##STR00001##

In the general formula (1), X.sup.1 represents an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a phosphorus atom, a carbon atom, or a silicon atom.

Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 each represent a benzene ring or a naphthalene ring, and both Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 do not represent benzene rings.

R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 each represent a hydrogen or a substituent group represented by *—Z.sup.1(R.sup.4).sub.d (* represents a bonding site).

Z.sup.1 represents a single bond, a saturated hydrocarbon group having a valence of 2 or higher, or an unsaturated hydrocarbon group having a valence of 2 or higher, the saturated hydrocarbon group or the unsaturated hydrocarbon group optionally having an ether bond and/or a thioether bond.

R.sup.4 represents a hydrogen or a polymerizable substituent group.

To provide a compound that is capable of improving the function of an organic material.

The present technology provides a compound represented by the following general formula (1).

##STR00001##

In the general formula (1), X.sup.1 represents an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a phosphorus atom, a carbon atom, or a silicon atom.

Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 each represent a benzene ring or a naphthalene ring, and both Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 do not represent benzene rings.

R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 each represent a hydrogen or a substituent group represented by *—Z.sup.1(R.sup.4).sub.d (* represents a bonding site).

Z.sup.1 represents a single bond, a saturated hydrocarbon group having a valence of 2 or higher, or an unsaturated hydrocarbon group having a valence of 2 or higher, the saturated hydrocarbon group or the unsaturated hydrocarbon group optionally having an ether bond and/or a thioether bond.

R.sup.4 represents a hydrogen or a polymerizable substituent group.