The electrochemical energy conversion system of the present disclosure includes an anode, a cathode, and an ion exchange membrane including a polymer having an aromatic polymer chain and an alkylated substrate including an alkyl chain, and at least one ionic group. The alkylated substrate is bound to at least one aromatic group in the polymer chain via Friedel-Crafts alkylation of the at least one aromatic group. The alkylation reaction utilizes a haloalkylated tertiary alcohol or a haloalkylated alkene as a precursor. In the presence of an acid catalyst, a carbocation is generated in the precursor which reacts with the aromatic rings of the polymer chain. The at least one ionic group is then replaced with a desired cationic or anionic group using a substitution reaction. The membranes exhibit advantageous stability achieved through a simplified and scalable reaction scheme.

The electrochemical energy conversion system of the present disclosure includes an anode, a cathode, and an ion exchange membrane including a polymer having an aromatic polymer chain and an alkylated substrate including an alkyl chain, and at least one ionic group. The alkylated substrate is bound to at least one aromatic group in the polymer chain via Friedel-Crafts alkylation of the at least one aromatic group. The alkylation reaction utilizes a haloalkylated tertiary alcohol or a haloalkylated alkene as a precursor. In the presence of an acid catalyst, a carbocation is generated in the precursor which reacts with the aromatic rings of the polymer chain. The at least one ionic group is then replaced with a desired cationic or anionic group using a substitution reaction. The membranes exhibit advantageous stability achieved through a simplified and scalable reaction scheme.

A method for forming a cover film includes applying a composition including a first polymer and a solvent on a surface of a base material to form a coating film. The base material includes a surface layer which includes a first region and a second region having a surface condition that differs from a surface condition of the first region. The coating film is heated. A portion of the coating film is desorbed with a rinse agent after the heating. The portion is formed on the second region of the coating film. The first polymer includes a first structural unit represented by formula (1), or includes a monovalent organic group which bonds to at least one end of a main chain of the first polymer and which includes a nitrogen atom.

##STR00001##

Polymer compositions comprising styrene butadiene block-copolymers (SBC) can be used for shrink-wrap films, a stiff star-shaped SBC block copolymer A having two short branches of a single copolymer block (B/S).sub.Ai and two long branches of the structure S.sub.t-[(B/S).sub.A].sub.n-(B/S).sub.Ai or [(B/S).sub.A].sub.n-(B/S).sub.Ai are used in said polymer composition, and the production of shrink-wrap films and of multilayer films is described.

The present invention relates to novel polymerizable multivinylaminosilanes which are useful as branching agents for synthetic and natural rubber. The compounds of the invention can be used as such in the polymerization of conjugated diene monomers, optionally together with aromatic vinyl monomers, thus producing polymers, specifically elastomeric polymers, which can favorably be used in rubber articles such as tires.

The present disclosure provides a porous membrane made of pentablock copolymer. The porous membrane includes an ABCBA block copolymer and has a number of pores. The A block is immiscible with each of the B block and the C block, the B block has a glass transition temperature (T.sub.g) of 90 degrees Celsius or greater, and the C block has a T.sub.g of 25 degrees Celsius or less. The A block comprises a poly(alkylene oxide), a substituted epoxide, a polylactam, or a substituted carbonate; B block comprises a vinyl aromatic monomer or a polyalkylmethacrylate and C block comprises a polyacrylate, a polysiloxane or a polyisoprene. A method of making a porous membrane is also provided. The method includes forming a film or a hollow fiber from a solution including a solvent and solids containing an ABCBA block copolymer. The method further includes removing at least a portion of the solvent from the film or the hollow fiber and contacting the film or the hollow fiber with a nonsolvent.

A method of preparing high molecular weight poly(meth)acrylate polymers having narrow polydispersity indices (PDIs) by coupling poly(meth)acrylate building block units which themselves have narrow PDIs. The building block units have halogenated terminations, which when reacted with selected coupling agents, from the high molecular weight poly(meth)acrylate polymers.

The electrochemical energy conversion system of the present disclosure includes an anode, a cathode, and an ion exchange membrane including a polymer having an aromatic polymer chain and an alkylated substrate including an alkyl chain, and at least one ionic group. The alkylated substrate is bound to at least one aromatic group in the polymer chain via Friedel-Crafts alkylation of the at least one aromatic group. The alkylation reaction utilizes a haloalkylated tertiary alcohol or a haloalkylated alkene as a precursor. In the presence of an acid catalyst, a carbocation is generated in the precursor which reacts with the aromatic rings of the polymer chain. The at least one ionic group is then replaced with a desired cationic or anionic group using a substitution reaction. The membranes exhibit advantageous stability achieved through a simplified and scalable reaction scheme.

The electrochemical energy conversion system of the present disclosure includes an anode, a cathode, and an ion exchange membrane including a polymer having an aromatic polymer chain and an alkylated substrate including an alkyl chain, and at least one ionic group. The alkylated substrate is bound to at least one aromatic group in the polymer chain via Friedel-Crafts alkylation of the at least one aromatic group. The alkylation reaction utilizes a haloalkylated tertiary alcohol or a haloalkylated alkene as a precursor. In the presence of an acid catalyst, a carbocation is generated in the precursor which reacts with the aromatic rings of the polymer chain. The at least one ionic group is then replaced with a desired cationic or anionic group using a substitution reaction. The membranes exhibit advantageous stability achieved through a simplified and scalable reaction scheme.

The present disclosure provides a composite particle that includes: a fluorescent semiconductor core/shell nanoparticle (preferably, nanocrystal); and a stabilizing homo-copolymer combined with the core/shell nanoparticle, the stabilizing (co)polymer comprising styrene monomer units and functionalized with phosphine, arsine or stibine groups.