A method for making a multi-part resin system includes forming a lignin-formaldehyde resin, forming a phenol-formaldehyde resin, and mixing the lignin-formaldehyde resin and the phenol-formaldehyde to form the multi-part resin system.

A resin for ink is obtained by reaction of a lignin, phenols, aldehydes, a rosin-based resin, and polyhydric alcohol.

A resin for ink is obtained by reaction of a lignin, phenols, aldehydes, a rosin-based resin, and polyhydric alcohol.

A method for making a multi-part resin system includes forming a lignin-formaldehyde resin, forming a phenol-formaldehyde resin, and mixing the lignin-formaldehyde resin and the phenol-formaldehyde to form the multi-part resin system.

A method for making a multi-part resin system includes forming a lignin-formaldehyde resin, forming a phenol-formaldehyde resin, and mixing the lignin-formaldehyde resin and the phenol-formaldehyde to form the multi-part resin system.

The polymerized rosin compound of the invention includes a rosin dimer component (A) including a bifunctional rosin dimer component (a1) represented by formula (1): ROOCXCOOR, wherein X represents a rosin dimer residue, and R represents hydrogen, an alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a benzyl group, wherein the rosin dimer component (A) contains a content of the bifunctional rosin dimer component (a1) of 80% by weight or more and the polymerized rosin compound contains a content of the rosin dimer component (A) of 80% by weight or more. The polymerized rosin compound contains a large amount of the bifunctional rosin dimer component and makes it possible to obtain linear polymer with a high molecular weight.

The polymerized rosin compound of the invention includes a rosin dimer component (A) including a bifunctional rosin dimer component (a1) represented by formula (1): ROOCXCOOR, wherein X represents a rosin dimer residue, and R represents hydrogen, an alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a benzyl group, wherein the rosin dimer component (A) contains a content of the bifunctional rosin dimer component (a1) of 80% by weight or more and the polymerized rosin compound contains a content of the rosin dimer component (A) of 80% by weight or more. The polymerized rosin compound contains a large amount of the bifunctional rosin dimer component and makes it possible to obtain linear polymer with a high molecular weight.

The present application is directed to the preparation of low viscosity bio-oils from the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of lignocellulosic biomass in the presence of a crude glycerol and water mixture achieving a high biomass conversion ratio. The modified HTL process allows the direct use of crude glycerol as an effective solvent for biomass liquefaction creating a highly efficient and cost-effective process. Furthermore, the resulting bio-oils containing liquefied biomass, crude glycerol and water, were successfully applied as an inexpensive green substitute in the preparation of bio-based phenol formaldehyde (BPF) adhesives which retain bonding strengths (dry or wet strength) as required by ASTM standard and free formaldehyde emission levels at the F*** and F**** level according to the JIS standard.