A cross-linked polymer including a structure wherein at least a portion of phenolic hydroxyl groups in the polymer is protected by a group represented by the following formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbons and n represents an integer from 1 to 5; and * represents a bond part of the phenolic hydroxyl group to a residue other than a hydrogen atom, and a structure wherein at least a portion of phenolic hydroxyl groups in the polymer is protected by a group represented by the following formula (2): ##STR00002##
wherein R.sup.2 represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 2 to 17 carbons, containing an aromatic ring; and * represents a bond part of the phenolic hydroxyl group to a residue other than a hydrogen atom, and the polymers are cross-linked to each other.

In a method in which a workpiece, while being temporarily fixed on a support via a temporary fixing material, is processed and/or transported and thereafter the support and the workpiece are separated from each other by an irradiation separation method, a technique is shown which prevents the photo-degradation of the workpiece. A workpiece treating method includes a step of forming a stack including a support, a temporary fixing material and a workpiece wherein the temporary fixing material includes a layer (I) that contains a polymer (A) including a structural unit (A1); a step of processing the workpiece and/or transporting the stack; a step of applying light to the layer (I) through the support; and a step of separating the support and the workpiece from each other. ##STR00001##

In a method in which a workpiece, while being temporarily fixed on a support via a temporary fixing material, is processed and/or transported and thereafter the support and the workpiece are separated from each other by an irradiation separation method, a technique is shown which prevents the photo-degradation of the workpiece. A workpiece treating method includes a step of forming a stack including a support, a temporary fixing material and a workpiece wherein the temporary fixing material includes a layer (I) that contains a polymer (A) including a structural unit (A1); a step of processing the workpiece and/or transporting the stack; a step of applying light to the layer (I) through the support; and a step of separating the support and the workpiece from each other. ##STR00001##

A compound or a resin represented by the following formula (1). ##STR00001##
(in formula (1), each X independently represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or an uncrosslinked state, each R.sup.1 is independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, a heterocyclic group, an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof, in which the alkyl group, the alkenyl group and the aryl group optionally include an ether bond, a ketone bond or an ester bond, each R.sup.2 independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, a thiol group or a hydroxyl group, in which at least one R.sup.2 represents a group including a hydroxyl group or a thiol group, each m is independently an integer of 0 to 7 (in which at least one m is an integer of 1 to 7.), each p is independently 0 or 1, q is an integer of 0 to 2, and n is 1 or 2).

A compound or a resin represented by the following formula (1). ##STR00001##
(in formula (1), each X independently represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or an uncrosslinked state, each R.sup.1 is independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, a heterocyclic group, an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof, in which the alkyl group, the alkenyl group and the aryl group optionally include an ether bond, a ketone bond or an ester bond, each R.sup.2 independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, a thiol group or a hydroxyl group, in which at least one R.sup.2 represents a group including a hydroxyl group or a thiol group, each m is independently an integer of 0 to 7 (in which at least one m is an integer of 1 to 7.), each p is independently 0 or 1, q is an integer of 0 to 2, and n is 1 or 2).

The present disclosure generally relates to nonylphenol-free alkoxylated 4-(alkyloxy)phenol/aldehyde resins and processes for making alkoxylated 4-(alkyloxy)phenol/aldehyde resins. The disclosure also relates to methods of breaking emulsions of oil and water comprising the dosing of an effective amount of an emulsion breaker composition into a stable emulsion to destabilize the emulsion, wherein the emulsion breaker composition comprises an alkoxylated 4-(alkyloxy)phenol/aldehyde resin.

The present disclosure generally relates to nonylphenol-free alkoxylated 4-(alkyloxy)phenol/aldehyde resins and processes for making alkoxylated 4-(alkyloxy)phenol/aldehyde resins. The disclosure also relates to methods of breaking emulsions of oil and water comprising the dosing of an effective amount of an emulsion breaker composition into a stable emulsion to destabilize the emulsion, wherein the emulsion breaker composition comprises an alkoxylated 4-(alkyloxy)phenol/aldehyde resin.

This invention relates to a process for stabilizing a phenolic resin containing a mixture of linear phenolic resins and calixarenes and a demulsifier composition comprising the stabilized phenolic resins prepared from the process. The process comprises contacting the phenolic resin with an alkylene carbonate, in the presence of a base catalyst, to at least partially alkoxylate the phenolic hydroxyl groups of the calixarenes. This process forms a stabilized phenolic resin with an increased solubility in a hydrocarbon solvent.

This invention relates to a process for stabilizing a phenolic resin containing a mixture of linear phenolic resins and calixarenes and a demulsifier composition comprising the stabilized phenolic resins prepared from the process. The process comprises contacting the phenolic resin with an alkylene carbonate, in the presence of a base catalyst, to at least partially alkoxylate the phenolic hydroxyl groups of the calixarenes. This process forms a stabilized phenolic resin with an increased solubility in a hydrocarbon solvent.

Disclosed herein are polymers formed by the condensation of bis(hydroxycarbyl)-aminophenolic compounds with aldehydes. The condensation polymers include one or more repeat units having bis(hydroxycarbyl)amino functionality. The hydroxyl groups of the bis(hydroxycarbyl)amino functionalities are available for further condensation with an epoxide, such as ethylene oxide, to yield a polyalkoxylated polymer. The polymers are useful as antipolymerants, polymerization retardants, surfactants, or a combination of these in one or more industrial systems.