Methods and devices for altering the power of a lens, such as an intraocular lens, are disclosed. In one method, the lens comprises a single polymer matrix containing crosslinkable pendant groups, wherein the polymer matrix increases in volume when crosslinked. The lens does not contain free monomer. Upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation, crosslinking causes the exposed portion of the lens to increase in volume, causing an increase in the refractive index. In another method, the lens comprises a polymer matrix containing photobleachable chromophores. Upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation, photobleaching causes a decrease in refractive index in the exposed portion without any change in lens thickness. These methods avoid the need to wait for diffusion to occur to change the lens shape and avoid the need for a second exposure to radiation to lock in the changes to the lens.

A lithium metal secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a protective layer interposed between the negative electrode and the separator. The protective layer includes an additive, wherein the additive comprises a mixture of hexagonal boron nitride (BN) flakes with an ionomer having a sulfur (S)-containing anionic group and fluorine (F).

A lithium metal secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a protective layer interposed between the negative electrode and the separator. The protective layer includes an additive, wherein the additive comprises a mixture of hexagonal boron nitride (BN) flakes with an ionomer having a sulfur (S)-containing anionic group and fluorine (F).

Provided are an adhesive composition for a polarizing plate, a polarizing plate, and an optical display device, the adhesive composition comprising an epoxy-based compound, a (meth)acrylate-based compound, a photo-acid generator, and an optical radical initiator, the (meth)acrylate-based compound comprising a mixture of a bifunctional (meth)acrylate-based compound and a monofunctional (meth)acrylate-based compound having a hydrophobic functional group, wherein the adhesive strength measured after the adhesive composition for a polarizing plate is separately applied to a PET film, a TAC film, and a COP film, to which a polarizer is then bound, followed by photo-curing, is about 200 gf/inch or more.

A urethane oligomer according to a) or b) has: a) at least two backbone residues R issued from a polyisocyanate without the NCO groups, linked between them with a diol residue R.sub.B (diol without the two OH groups) by two urethane bonds and each backbone residues R carrying (or linked to) at least two urethane segments each containing at least one terminal allyl group, b) at least one backbone residue R issued from a polyisocyanate without the NCO groups, the backbone residue R carrying (or linked to) at least two urethane segments each linked to R by one urethane bond with at least one urethane segment (arm) containing at least one terminal allyl group, and at least one urethane segment (arm) containing at least one terminal (meth)acrylate group. A curable composition containing the urethane oligomer reduces oxygen inhibition in coatings, adhesives, sealants or in resin matrix with good surface properties.

The present invention provides a composition for substrate surface modification and a method using the same, and the composition for substrate surface modification is composed of a compound of the general formula structure shown in formula 1: ##STR00001## formula 1, wherein n.sub.1 is an integer of 1 to 6, and R is a zwitterionic group. The composition for substrate surface modification uses water as a medium to perform modifying reaction over a substrate surface, and at the same time has biological modification characteristics, and abilities of immobilizing biomolecules and anti-biofouling.

A photocurable composition can comprise a polymerizable material and a photoinitiator, wherein the polymerizable material can comprise 10-40 wt % of a mono-functional monomer of formula (1), with R1 being H or C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, and R2 and R3 being one or more substitutions of C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl or alkyl-aryl, and R4, R5 being H or C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl, ##STR00001##
The photocurable composition can have a viscosity of not greater than 15 mPa.Math.s, and a photo-cured layer of the photocurable composition can have a low thermal shrinkage if subjected to a high temperature baking treatment, and a carbon content of at least 74%.

A method of manufacturing a crosslinked fluororesin powder includes forming a powder mixture by mixing a fluororesin powder as a first powder with a second powder not fusing to the fluororesin powder even under conditions for crosslinking of the fluororesin powder, and conducting a cross-linking treatment to the formed powder mixture.

A photoinitiator mixture comprising the components (a) a compound of the formula (I) ##STR00001##
wherein Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 independently of each other are ##STR00002##  or naphthyl which is unsubstituted or substituted one or more times by R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 or R′; R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 in-dependently of each other are C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkoxy or halogen; R.sub.2 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl, halogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkoxy or C.sub.2-C.sub.20alkoxy which is interrupted by one or more O; Q is C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkylene; R.sub.4 is methyl or ethyl; R′ and R″ independently of each other are hydrogen or PG-Y—R′″—X—; PG is a polymerizable group or methyl or ethyl; Y is a direct bond, O or S; X is a direct bond, O or S; R′″ is a direct bond, C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkylene or C.sub.2-C.sub.20alkylene which is interrupted by one or more O; (b) one or more compounds of the formula (II) ##STR00003##
wherein Ar.sub.1, Ar.sub.2 and Q are as defined above, and R.sub.5 is for example C.sub.3-C.sub.30alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted and (c) optionally a compound of the formula (III)
R.sub.5—OH  (III),
wherein R.sub.5 is as defined above; provides a liquid photointiator.

Provided is a process for forming an antimicrobial polymer composition comprising: contacting together at least one initiator, at least one promoter, at least one reductant, and at least one monomer, under emulsion polymerization conditions to form a base polymer; and mixing with the base polymer an antimicrobial complex; wherein the at least one initiator is a peroxidic compound and the at least one reductant is an ascorbic compound.