Citrate polyester additives for crude oils, mixtures of the citrate polyester additives and crude oils, and methods for producing or forming the mixtures are provided. The mixtures and methods comprise at least one citrate polyester additive introduce or applied to crude oil, wherein the at least one citrate polyester additive comprises one or more citrate crosspolymers.

This document describes biochemical pathways for producing 7-hydroxyheptanoate methyl ester and heptanoic acid heptyl ester using one or more of a fatty acid O-methyltransferase, an alcohol O-acetyltransferase, and a monooxygenase, as well as recombinant hosts expressing one or more of such exogenous enzymes. 7-hydroxyheptanoate methyl esters and heptanoic acid heptyl esters can be enzymatically converted to pimelic acid, 7-aminoheptanoate, 7-hydroxyheptanoate, heptamethylenediamine, or 1,7-heptanediol.

This document describes biochemical pathways for producing 7-hydroxyheptanoate methyl ester and heptanoic acid heptyl ester using one or more of a fatty acid O-methyltransferase, an alcohol O-acetyltransferase, and a monooxygenase, as well as recombinant hosts expressing one or more of such exogenous enzymes. 7-hydroxyheptanoate methyl esters and heptanoic acid heptyl esters can be enzymatically converted to pimelic acid, 7-aminoheptanoate, 7-hydroxyheptanoate, heptamethylenediamine, or 1,7-heptanediol.

The present invention relates to a polymer nanoparticle freeze-dried product, and a preparation method therefor, the polymer nanoparticle freeze-dried product being obtainable by treating, through a freeze-drying process comprising an annealing step, a polymer nanoparticle aqueous solution comprising an amphiphilic block copolymer, a polylactic acid derivative having a carboxyl terminal group, and a freeze-drying adjuvant, wherein the polymer nanoparticle freeze-dried product is reconstituted within five minutes upon reconstitution by means of an aqueous solvent under atmospheric pressure.

The present invention relates to a polymer nanoparticle freeze-dried product, and a preparation method therefor, the polymer nanoparticle freeze-dried product being obtainable by treating, through a freeze-drying process comprising an annealing step, a polymer nanoparticle aqueous solution comprising an amphiphilic block copolymer, a polylactic acid derivative having a carboxyl terminal group, and a freeze-drying adjuvant, wherein the polymer nanoparticle freeze-dried product is reconstituted within five minutes upon reconstitution by means of an aqueous solvent under atmospheric pressure.

The present invention relates to a cosmetic composition comprising a) one or more polyhydroxyalkanoate (PH A) copolymers which contain, and preferably consist of, at least two different repeating polymer units chosen from the units (A) and (B) below, and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof, the organic or mineral acid or base salts thereof, and the solvates thereof such as hydrates: -[-0-CH(R.sup.1)—CH.sub.2—C(0)-]- unit (A) -[-0-CH(R.sup.2)—CH.sub.2—C(0)-]- unit (B) in which polymer units (A) and (B): —R.sup.1 represents a hydrocarbon-based chain chosen from i) linear or branched (C.sub.5-C.sub.28)alkyl, ii) linear or branched (C.sub.6-C.sub.28)alkenyl, iii) linear or branched (C.sub.6-C.sub.28)alkynyl; preferably, the hydrocarbon-based group is linear; said hydrocarbon-based chain being optionally substituted and/or interrupted with atoms or groups as described in the description; —R.sup.2 represents a cyclic or non-cyclic, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon-based group, comprising from 3 to 30 carbon atoms; b) a fatty medium comprising one or more fatty substances which are preferably liquid at 25° C. and at atmospheric pressure; it being understood that (A) is different from (B).

The present invention relates to a cosmetic composition comprising a) one or more polyhydroxyalkanoate (PH A) copolymers which contain, and preferably consist of, at least two different repeating polymer units chosen from the units (A) and (B) below, and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof, the organic or mineral acid or base salts thereof, and the solvates thereof such as hydrates: -[-0-CH(R.sup.1)—CH.sub.2—C(0)-]- unit (A) -[-0-CH(R.sup.2)—CH.sub.2—C(0)-]- unit (B) in which polymer units (A) and (B): —R.sup.1 represents a hydrocarbon-based chain chosen from i) linear or branched (C.sub.5-C.sub.28)alkyl, ii) linear or branched (C.sub.6-C.sub.28)alkenyl, iii) linear or branched (C.sub.6-C.sub.28)alkynyl; preferably, the hydrocarbon-based group is linear; said hydrocarbon-based chain being optionally substituted and/or interrupted with atoms or groups as described in the description; —R.sup.2 represents a cyclic or non-cyclic, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon-based group, comprising from 3 to 30 carbon atoms; b) a fatty medium comprising one or more fatty substances which are preferably liquid at 25° C. and at atmospheric pressure; it being understood that (A) is different from (B).

The present specification provides a polymer resin compound, a method for preparing the same, a photosensitive resin composition including the polymer resin compound, and a photosensitive material formed using the photosensitive resin composition.

The present specification provides a polymer resin compound, a method for preparing the same, a photosensitive resin composition including the polymer resin compound, and a photosensitive material formed using the photosensitive resin composition.

A liquid crystal polymer film that includes a liquid crystal polymer having an endothermic peak temperature that exceeds 330° C., the endothermic peak temperature being a temperature resulting from when the liquid crystal polymer is heated to 400° C. in an inert atmosphere, then cooled to room temperature at a temperature decreasing rate of 40° C./min or more, and measured using a differential scanning calorimeter while being heated again at a temperature increasing rate of 40° C./min.