Provided is a degradable microparticle with a grain size in a range of 2 micrometers to 1400 micrometers, and the degradable microparticle comprises poly(glycerol sebacate), poly(glycerol maleate), poly(glycerol succinate-co-maleate), poly(glycerol succinate), poly(glycerol malonate), poly(glycerol glutarate), poly(glycerol adipate), poly(glycerol pimelate), poly(glycerol suberate), poly(glycerol azelate), or any combination thereof. A degradable product produced from the degradable microparticles can obtain the desired degradation effect and can be produced by chemical synthesis to reduce the production cost. With these advantages, the applicability of the degradable microparticles is improved.

The invention relates to multilayer materials for producing packaging comprising at least two films and also a layer which is printed with a packaging printing ink, said packaging printing ink comprising a certain hyperbranched polyester containing functional groups. The invention further relates to a packaging printing ink which comprises a certain hyperbranched polyester containing functional groups, and to the use of said printing ink for producing multilayer materials.

The present disclosure provides a jet-black multilayer coating film having excellent properties in high appearance, water resistance, and humidity resistance and comprising a base coating film and a clear coating film formed by a coating composition containing a plant-derived aliphatic polyester mainly and a method for forming the same. A jet-black multilayer coating film comprising a base coating film layer formed by a base coating composition which contains a polyester polyol (A-1) containing a polyol having three or more functions and lactic acid as a consisting component of 80 mol % or more and having a hydroxyl value of 140 to 240 mgKOH/g wherein 70 mol % or more of the hydroxyl groups are secondary hydroxyl groups, an acrylic resin (A-2) with a hydroxyl value of 30 to 80 mgKOH/g and a glass transition point of 40 to 80° C., and a polyisocyanate (A-3), and a clear coating film layer formed on said base coating film layer by a clear coating composition which contains a polyester polyol (B-1) obtained by polymerization of a raw composition of a polyol having three or more functions, sebacic acid, and a diol and having a hydroxyl value of 140 to 240 mgKOH/g, an acrylic resin (B-2) with a hydroxyl value of 120 to 220 mgKOH/g, and a polyisocyanate (B-3).

The present disclosure provides a jet-black multilayer coating film having excellent properties in high appearance, water resistance, and humidity resistance and comprising a base coating film and a clear coating film formed by a coating composition containing a plant-derived aliphatic polyester mainly and a method for forming the same. A jet-black multilayer coating film comprising a base coating film layer formed by a base coating composition which contains a polyester polyol (A-1) containing a polyol having three or more functions and lactic acid as a consisting component of 80 mol % or more and having a hydroxyl value of 140 to 240 mgKOH/g wherein 70 mol % or more of the hydroxyl groups are secondary hydroxyl groups, an acrylic resin (A-2) with a hydroxyl value of 30 to 80 mgKOH/g and a glass transition point of 40 to 80° C., and a polyisocyanate (A-3), and a clear coating film layer formed on said base coating film layer by a clear coating composition which contains a polyester polyol (B-1) obtained by polymerization of a raw composition of a polyol having three or more functions, sebacic acid, and a diol and having a hydroxyl value of 140 to 240 mgKOH/g, an acrylic resin (B-2) with a hydroxyl value of 120 to 220 mgKOH/g, and a polyisocyanate (B-3).

A polyoxalate copolymer that includes main ester units of oxalate linked together like a straight chain, and branched ester copolymer units derived from a trifunctional or more highly functional alcohol or an acid. The polyoxalate copolymer initially undergoes the hydrolysis in a suppressed manner.

A polyoxalate copolymer that includes main ester units of oxalate linked together like a straight chain, and branched ester copolymer units derived from a trifunctional or more highly functional alcohol or an acid. The polyoxalate copolymer initially undergoes the hydrolysis in a suppressed manner.

A toner comprises a toner particle containing an amorphous polyester, wherein the amorphous polyester contains an amorphous polyester 1, the amorphous polyester contains a tin compound and a titanium compound, a Sn/Ti abundance ratio between Sn and Ti in the amorphous polyester according to x-ray fluorescence analysis is 20/80 to 80/20, and a weight-average molecular weight Mw1 of the amorphous polyester 1 according to measurement by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is Mw1<7,000.

A toner comprises a toner particle containing an amorphous polyester, wherein the amorphous polyester contains an amorphous polyester 1, the amorphous polyester contains a tin compound and a titanium compound, a Sn/Ti abundance ratio between Sn and Ti in the amorphous polyester according to x-ray fluorescence analysis is 20/80 to 80/20, and a weight-average molecular weight Mw1 of the amorphous polyester 1 according to measurement by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is Mw1<7,000.

A polyester film containing a polyester support having a terminal carboxylic acid value of from 3 to 20 eq/ton and IV of from 0.65 to 0.9 dL/g, and a conductive layer having a surface specific resistance of from 10.sup.6 to 10.sup.14Ω per square with an in-plane distribution of from 0.1 to 20% exhibits an improvement in withstand voltage.

A composition includes 100 parts by weight of poly(alkylene terephthalate) and 0.01 to 2 part by weight of a compound represented by Formula (1), a partially saponified derivative thereof, or a combination thereof, (1) wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and n are defined herein. The composition, which excludes copolymers of an unsubstituted or substituted styrene and an unsaturated nitrile, is useful for molding articles with very smooth surfaces. For example, the composition can be used to mold directly-metallizable substrates for automotive headlight reflectors and bezels.

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