A process to prepare poly(alkylene furandicarboxylate) polymer is disclosed herein. In one embodiment, the process comprises a) contacting a mixture comprising furandicarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, a diol comprising ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, or mixtures thereof, and a metal catalyst at a temperature in the range of from about 140° C. to about 220° C. to form prepolymer, wherein the mole ratio of the furandicarboxylic acid dialkyl ester to the diol is in the range of from 1:1.3 to 1:2.2; b) performing polycondensation by heating the prepolymer under reduced pressure to a temperature in the range of from about 220° C. to about 260° C. to form poly(alkylene furandicarboxylate) polymer; wherein the rate of polycondensation in step c) is faster with the anthraquinone compound present than without; and c) adding at least one anthraquinone compound as disclosed herein; and

The present invention relates to a binder resin composition capable of giving a toner remarkably excellent in fusing property on polypropylene films, and to a toner for developing electrostatic images that contains the binder resin composition. [1] A binder resin composition for toners, containing an amorphous polyester resin which has a polyester resin-derived constituent moiety that is a constituent moiety derived from a polyester resin and a modified polypropylene polymer A-derived constituent moiety that is a constituent moiety derived from a modified polypropylene polymer A having a carboxylic acid group or a carboxylic anhydride group and in which the polyester resin-derived constituent moiety and the modified polypropylene polymer A-derived constituent moiety bond to each other via a covalent bond, wherein the polymer A is a polypropylene polymer terminally-modified with an unsaturated bond-having carboxylic acid compound or an anhydride thereof, and in the polyester resin, the amount of the polymer A-derived constituent unit is 8 parts by mass or more and 30 parts by mass or less relative to 100 parts by mass of the total of the alcohol component and the carboxylic acid component constituting the polyester resin-derived constituent moiety; and [2] a toner for developing electrostatic images, containing the binder resin composition of [1].

Resin particles each include a binder resin. The binder resin includes an amorphous polyester resin and a crystalline resin. The amorphous polyester resin includes alcohol monomers as one of constituent components. The alcohol monomers include propylene glycol. Abundance of the crystalline resin in a region from an outermost surface of each of the resin particles to a depth of 150 nm from the outermost surface is 4% or less relative to an amount of the crystalline resin in an entire region of each of the resin particles. A radiocarbon .sup.14C content of the resin particles is 5.4 pMC or greater.

An alkyd polymer composition for fast-drying, low VOC applications is provided. The alkyd polymer incorporates a minimum required level of a cyclic ether- and hydroxyl-containing composition formed from a sugar alcohol during the alcoholysis step while synthesizing the alkyd polymer. The disclosure also relates to the cyclic ether- and hydroxyl-containing composition which must have a minimum required level of cyclic ether structure incorporated therein in order to produce a sufficiently fast-drying alkyd polymer. Methods of making the cyclic ether- and hydroxyl-containing composition and the alkyd polymer comprising, as polymerized units, the cyclic ether- and hydroxyl-containing composition and a poly acid and/or an anhydride compound, as well as an optional polyol, other than the sugar alcohol, are also provided. Also provided is a 13 C NMR method of characterizing the necessary minimum required level of cyclic ether ring structure in the cyclic ether- and hydroxyl-containing composition and the alkyd polymer formed therefrom.

A magnetic toner includes toner particles. The toner particles each include a toner mother particle. The toner mother particle includes a polyester resin domain, a vinyl resin domain, and a magnetic powder. A vinyl resin constituting the vinyl resin domain includes a repeating unit having a non-ring-opened oxazoline group. An area rate of an area in which the vinyl resin domain is exposed in a surface area of the toner mother particle is at least 0.02% and no greater than 1.00%.

A polyester polyol of formula produced by a first polycondensation (a) of a sugar alcohol Z in C3 to C8 and two diacids Y and Y′ which are the same or different in C4 to C36, and a second polycondensation (b) of the product produced in (a) with two diols X and X′ which are the same or different in C2 to C12, the polymer including such a polyester polyol. Also, a method for producing the polyester polyols and the use thereof in foams, adhesives, coatings or elastomers of polyurethane or polyisocyanurate.

A polyester polyol of formula produced by a first polycondensation (a) of a sugar alcohol Z in C3 to C8 and two diacids Y and Y′ which are the same or different in C4 to C36, and a second polycondensation (b) of the product produced in (a) with two diols X and X′ which are the same or different in C2 to C12, the polymer including such a polyester polyol. Also, a method for producing the polyester polyols and the use thereof in foams, adhesives, coatings or elastomers of polyurethane or polyisocyanurate.

The present invention is directed to non-aqueous, curable film-forming compositions comprising: a) an anhydride functional compound; b) at least one of: (i) a hydroxyl functional compound having at least two hydroxyl functional groups and (ii) a carbodiimide functional compound; and c) hydrolyzable functional groups. After application of the curable film-forming composition to a substrate to form a coated substrate, and upon subjecting the coated substrate to curing conditions, the curable film-forming composition undergoes multiple cure reactions. The present invention is further directed to methods of preparing coated substrates with these compositions.

The present invention is directed to non-aqueous, curable film-forming compositions comprising: a) an anhydride functional compound; b) at least one of: (i) a hydroxyl functional compound having at least two hydroxyl functional groups and (ii) a carbodiimide functional compound; and c) hydrolyzable functional groups. After application of the curable film-forming composition to a substrate to form a coated substrate, and upon subjecting the coated substrate to curing conditions, the curable film-forming composition undergoes multiple cure reactions. The present invention is further directed to methods of preparing coated substrates with these compositions.

This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure. The disclosure provides aromatic polyester polyether polyols and compositions comprising such polyols. The disclosed aromatic polyester polyether polyols and compositions including same are the products of the transesterification reaction of polyethylene terephthalate (“PET”) and an ethoxylated triol, namely glycerin or trimethylolpropane, wherein the degree of ethoxylation is from 1 to 9 moles. At least some of the PET used to generate the aromatic polyester polyether polyols is derived from recycled PET. The disclosed aromatic polyester polyether polyols have utility in preparing polyurethane materials, for example.