A continuous process for preparing a polyester shrinkable film includes: pumping an amorphous PET-based polyester melt having a melt viscosity 1 directly from a polymerization reactor into a first cooling zone; cooling the polyester melt to increase the melt viscosity thereof to a melt viscosity 2 such that a difference between 2 and 1 ranges from 1500 poise to 3500 poise; feeding the polyester melt into a second cooling zone; cooling the polyester melt to increase the melt viscosity thereof to a melt viscosity 3 ranging from 5000 poise to 12000 poise such that a difference between 3 and 2 ranges from 1000 poise to 5500 poise; and pumping the polyester melt from the second cooling zone into a zone for film-forming treatment.

Producing a resin from an organic waste product includes assessing a weight percent of a first volatile fatty acid and a weight percent of a second volatile fatty acid in a liquid mixture having volatile fatty acids from the organic waste product. The weight percent of the volatile fatty acids is based on the total weight of the carboxylic acids in the liquid mixture, the total weight of volatile fatty acids in the liquid mixture, or the total weight of lactic acid and volatile fatty acids in the mixture. A ratio of the weight percent of the first volatile fatty acid to the weight percent of the second volatile fatty acid in the liquid mixture is adjusted to yield a modified liquid mixture. The modified liquid is combined with polyhydroxyalkanoate-producing bacteria to yield a polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer; and the polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer is extracted from the polyhydroxyalkanoate-producing bacteria.

Producing a resin from an organic waste product includes assessing a weight percent of a first volatile fatty acid and a weight percent of a second volatile fatty acid in a liquid mixture having volatile fatty acids from the organic waste product. The weight percent of the volatile fatty acids is based on the total weight of the carboxylic acids in the liquid mixture, the total weight of volatile fatty acids in the liquid mixture, or the total weight of lactic acid and volatile fatty acids in the mixture. A ratio of the weight percent of the first volatile fatty acid to the weight percent of the second volatile fatty acid in the liquid mixture is adjusted to yield a modified liquid mixture. The modified liquid is combined with polyhydroxyalkanoate-producing bacteria to yield a polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer; and the polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer is extracted from the polyhydroxyalkanoate-producing bacteria.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing recycled water, according to which when recycled water is prepared from waste water, chemical cleaning of a membrane can be significantly reduced and fouling of the membrane can be eliminated by substantially only washing with water. The above object is achieved by providing a method for producing recycled water, the method including the following steps (A) to (D) of: (A) subjecting waste water to an anaerobic treatment and an aerobic treatment which are carried out by microorganisms, the waste water having been discharged during a production process of a PHA; (B) subjecting treated water obtained in step (A) to pretreatment filtration performed by a membrane bioreactor method; (C) subjecting the treated water obtained in step (B) to an alkali treatment; and (D) filtering, through an ion removal membrane, the treated water obtained in step (C).

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing recycled water, according to which when recycled water is prepared from waste water, chemical cleaning of a membrane can be significantly reduced and fouling of the membrane can be eliminated by substantially only washing with water. The above object is achieved by providing a method for producing recycled water, the method including the following steps (A) to (D) of: (A) subjecting waste water to an anaerobic treatment and an aerobic treatment which are carried out by microorganisms, the waste water having been discharged during a production process of a PHA; (B) subjecting treated water obtained in step (A) to pretreatment filtration performed by a membrane bioreactor method; (C) subjecting the treated water obtained in step (B) to an alkali treatment; and (D) filtering, through an ion removal membrane, the treated water obtained in step (C).

The present invention provides a method for extracting polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), which comprises a pre-process step and an extraction step: removing water from waste sludge containing microorganisms in the pre-process step so that the waste sludge containing microorganisms has a water content of less than 40%; and applying a high-voltage pulsed electric field to the waste sludge during the extraction step to destroy the microorganisms and release the PHAs, wherein the high-voltage pulsed electric field is between 50 volts and 400 volts, an application time of the high-voltage pulsed electric field is between 5 seconds and 90 seconds, and an application frequency of the high-voltage pulsed electric field is between 500 Hz and 1000 Hz, thereby extracting the PHAs in the case of few chemicals.

The present invention provides a method for extracting polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), which comprises a pre-process step and an extraction step: removing water from waste sludge containing microorganisms in the pre-process step so that the waste sludge containing microorganisms has a water content of less than 40%; and applying a high-voltage pulsed electric field to the waste sludge during the extraction step to destroy the microorganisms and release the PHAs, wherein the high-voltage pulsed electric field is between 50 volts and 400 volts, an application time of the high-voltage pulsed electric field is between 5 seconds and 90 seconds, and an application frequency of the high-voltage pulsed electric field is between 500 Hz and 1000 Hz, thereby extracting the PHAs in the case of few chemicals.

Embodiments of the invention relate generally to processes for the production and processing of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) from carbon sources. In several embodiments, PHAs are produced at high efficiencies from carbon-containing gases through the utilization of a regenerative polymerization system.

Embodiments of the invention relate generally to processes for the production and processing of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) from carbon sources. In several embodiments, PHAs are produced at high efficiencies from carbon-containing gases through the utilization of a regenerative polymerization system.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a polyester resin composition with less coloring and less decrease in molecular weight even after several times of recycling with used polyester resins produced with at least one type of polymerization catalyst selected from the group consisting of an antimony compound, a titanium compound, and a germanium compound. The present invention contains a method for producing the polyester resin composition (C) comprising a step of mixing a polyester resin (A) collected for recycling and a polyester resin (B) containing an aluminum compound and a phosphorous compound, wherein the polyester resin (A) satisfies the following (1) to (3): (1) the polyester resin (A) comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of antimony element, titanium element, and germanium element, (2) the polyester resin (A) comprises at least one of the antimony element, the titanium element, and the germanium element at a total content of from 2 to 500 ppm by mass, and (3) the polyester resin (A) has an intrinsic viscosity of from 0.5 to 0.8 dl/g.