The present disclosure relates to a polyimide precursor composition comprising an amic acid ester oligomer of formula (I): ##STR00001## wherein r, R.sub.x, G, P and R are as defined in the specification. Also, a use of the polyimide precursor composition and a polyimide made from the polyimide precursor composition.

A base paper (6), a picture pattern layer (7) provided on a surface (6a) side of the base paper (6), and foaming agents (8) arranged on a surface (7a) of the picture pattern layer (7) or in the picture pattern layer (7) are provided. In the foaming agents (8), the average particle diameter after foaming is set to 15 μm or more and 250 μm or less and the foaming start temperature is set to 100° C. or more and 220° C. or less.

A material with significant protection properties from galactic cosmic radiation and solar energetic particles. Hydrogen-rich benzoxazines which are particularly effective for shielding against such radiation. Benzoxazine resin meets the processing requirements for use with ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber as a hydrogen-rich reinforcement: cure of the resin at 120° C. This highly reactive benzoxazine resin also exhibits low viscosity and adequate shelf life.

Techniques regarding chemical compounds with antimicrobial functionality are provided. For example, one or more embodiments describe herein can comprise a monomer that can comprise a molecular backbone. The molecular backbone can comprise a bis(urea)guanidinium structure covalently bonded to a functional group, which can comprise a radical. Also, the monomer can have supramolecular assembly functionality.

The present disclosure provides methods of improving the resolution of labeled glycans in capillary electrophoresis techniques using a gel as a sieving matrix, by incorporating polyamines in the gel.

The present disclosure relates to a polyimide precursor composition comprising an antic acid ester oligomer of formula (I):

##STR00001## wherein r, R.sub.x, G, P and R are as defined in the specification. Also, a use of the polyimide precursor composition and a polyimide made from the polyimide precursor composition.

For example, a thin film that has a high refractive index and is capable of forming a fine pattern can be obtained by using a triazine-ring-containing polymer that includes a repeating unit structure represented by formula [4]. ##STR00001##

Techniques regarding killing of a pathogen with one or more ionene compositions having antimicrobial functionality are provided. For example, one or more embodiments can comprise a method, which can comprise contacting a Mycobacterium tuberculosis microbe with a chemical compound. The chemical compound can comprise an ionene unit. Also, the ionene unit can comprise a cation distributed along a molecular backbone. The ionene unit can have antimicrobial functionality. The method can further comprise electrostatically disrupting a membrane of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis microbe in response to the contacting.

Embodiments of the present disclosure feature an intrinsically microporous ladder-type Trger's base polymer including a repeat unit based on a combination of W-shaped CANAL-type and V-shaped Trger's base building blocks, methods of making the intrinsically microporous ladder-type Trger's base polymer, and methods of using the intrinsically microporous ladder-type Trger's base polymer to separate a chemical species from a fluid composition including a mixture of chemical species. Embodiments of the present disclosure further include ladder-type diamine monomers for reacting to form a Trger's base in situ, and methods of making the ladder-type diamine monomers using catalytic arene-norbornene annulation.

Techniques regarding chemical compounds with antimicrobial functionality are provided. For example, one or more embodiments describe herein can comprise a monomer that can comprise a molecular backbone. The molecular backbone can comprise a bis(urea)guanidinium structure covalently bonded to a functional group, which can comprise a radical. Also, the monomer can have supramolecular assembly functionality.