The invention relates to a method for preparing polybenzimidazoles of formula (1) or (2) below, wherein n and m are each 1:

##STR00001##

by polycondensation of corresponding tetracarboxylic acids or dianhydrides and tetraamines by jointly heating the reactants, characterized in that
the preparation of polybenzimidazoles of formula (1) or (2) is carried out by using tetracarboxylic acids as starting material and substantially without the formation of any by-products, wherein a) first, a stoichiometric salt is formed from the tetracarboxylic acid and the tetraamine; b) polycondensation is carried out under hydrothermal conditions by heating the stoichiometric salt obtained in step a), in water as a solvent and under pressure, to temperatures above 100 C., wherein the values of n and m and, thus, the molecular weight and/or the extent of cyclization in the polycondensate obtained, are/is regulated by means of the temperature and/or the duration of the polycondensation; and c) optionally, a solvent-free thermal treatment of the polycondensate is carried out in order to achieve complete cyclization.

The invention relates to a method for preparing polybenzimidazoles of formula (1) or (2) below, wherein n is 2:

##STR00001##

by polycondensation of corresponding dicarboxylic acids or dialdehydes and tetraamines by jointly heating the reactants, characterized in that the preparation of polybenzimidazoles of formula (1) or (2) is carried out by using the dialdehydes as starting material and substantially without the formation of any by-products intermediates, wherein

a) first, the dialdehyde and the tetraamine are mixed in water at room temperature, which results in the formation of a polyimine by-product; whereafter

b) polycondensation is carried out under hydrothermal conditions by heating, in water as a solvent and under pressure, to temperatures above 100 C.

The invention relates to a method for preparing polybenzimidazoles of formula (1) or (2) below, wherein n is 2:

##STR00001##

by polycondensation of corresponding dicarboxylic acids or dialdehydes and tetraamines by jointly heating the reactants, characterized in that the preparation of polybenzimidazoles of formula (1) or (2) is carried out by using the dialdehydes as starting material and substantially without the formation of any by-products intermediates, wherein

a) first, the dialdehyde and the tetraamine are mixed in water at room temperature, which results in the formation of a polyimine by-product; whereafter

b) polycondensation is carried out under hydrothermal conditions by heating, in water as a solvent and under pressure, to temperatures above 100 C.

A fluorine-containing polybenzimidazole containing a repeating unit represented by the following formula (1):

##STR00001## wherein R.sup.f is SO.sub.2, O, CO, an alkylene group optionally containing a substituent, or a group represented by the following:

##STR00002## wherein two Xs are each individually a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group; and R.sup.1 is a divalent organic group. Also disclosed is a polybenzimidazole precursor polyamide, a polybenzimidazole production method, film, flexible wiring board, printed circuit board, and polymer electrolyte membrane.

A fluorine-containing polybenzimidazole containing a repeating unit represented by the following formula (1):

##STR00001## wherein R.sup.f is SO.sub.2, O, CO, an alkylene group optionally containing a substituent, or a group represented by the following:

##STR00002## wherein two Xs are each individually a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group; and R.sup.1 is a divalent organic group. Also disclosed is a polybenzimidazole precursor polyamide, a polybenzimidazole production method, film, flexible wiring board, printed circuit board, and polymer electrolyte membrane.

Stabilized, amorphous high energetic compositions having crystallization inhibiting polymers dispersed throughout the solid composition. The compositions disclosed herein are an improvement over crystalline high energetic compositions in that such disclosed compositions are stable and possess physical properties desirable in propellant and high explosive applications.

Stabilized, amorphous high energetic compositions having crystallization inhibiting polymers dispersed throughout the solid composition. The compositions disclosed herein are an improvement over crystalline high energetic compositions in that such disclosed compositions are stable and possess physical properties desirable in propellant and high explosive applications.

The present invention provides a liquid crystal alignment agent having high thermal stability and high solvent solubility, and a liquid crystal panel in which occurrence of ghosting and stain and a decrease in contrast are suppressed even under environments at high temperatures long period of time. The present invention is a liquid crystal alignment agent including a copolymer including a structure represented by a chemical formula (1) below, and a solvent. In the formula, X is a specified structure including a cyclic hydrocarbon group, Y.sup.1 is a specified structure including a cyclic hydrocarbon group, R.sup.1 represents a homogeneous alignment group, a homeotropic alignment group, or a photoreactive functional group, and Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are the same or different, and represent an NH group, an O group, or a S group.

##STR00001##

The present invention provides a liquid crystal alignment agent having high thermal stability and high solvent solubility, and a liquid crystal panel in which occurrence of ghosting and stain and a decrease in contrast are suppressed even under environments at high temperatures long period of time. The present invention is a liquid crystal alignment agent including a copolymer including a structure represented by a chemical formula (1) below, and a solvent. In the formula, X is a specified structure including a cyclic hydrocarbon group, Y.sup.1 is a specified structure including a cyclic hydrocarbon group, R.sup.1 represents a homogeneous alignment group, a homeotropic alignment group, or a photoreactive functional group, and Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are the same or different, and represent an NH group, an O group, or a S group.

##STR00001##

The present disclosure provides a photoresist. The photoresist is formed by a crosslinking polymerization reaction between a reactive group-containing biimidazole molecule and a nitrogen-containing compound.