Disclosed are a polyol composition using carbon dioxide, a method for preparing a polyurethane foam using the polyol composition, and a polyurethane foam prepared using the method. A method for preparing a polyurethane foam includes reacting isocyanate with a polyol composition containing a polyol compound having a synthetic polyol containing carbon dioxide, a chain extender, and a foaming agent.

Disclosed are a polyol composition using carbon dioxide, a method for preparing a polyurethane foam using the polyol composition, and a polyurethane foam prepared using the method. A method for preparing a polyurethane foam includes reacting isocyanate with a polyol composition containing a polyol compound having a synthetic polyol containing carbon dioxide, a chain extender, and a foaming agent.

A method for producing a coating layer with scratch resistance and flex resistance, a laminated structure, and a coating composition are provided. The method includes coating the coating composition on a plastic substrate and performing a curing operation on the coating composition to form a cured coating layer. The coating composition includes a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, a multifunctional epoxy resin, a cationic light initiator, and an organic solvent, and the polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane has a cage-like structure. The curing operation has a baking temperature that is within a range from 75° C. to 200° C., a baking time that is within a range from 30 s to 120 s, and an UV curing energy that is within a range from 250 mJ/cm.sup.2 to 1,250 mJ/cm.sup.2.

Processes are described for purifying acidic, preferably superacidic, in particular trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-acidified, end-equilibrated acetoxysiloxanes, wherein the acidic, preferably superacidic, in particular trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-acidified, acetic anhydride-containing and optionally acetic acid-containing equilibrated, preferably end-equilibrated acetoxysiloxane, which is optionally dissolved in an inert solvent, is contacted with a base, the precipitate is filtered off thereafter and then the filtrate obtained is optionally purified by distillation.

Aqueous emulsions contain: (A) β-ketocarbonyl-functional organosilicon compounds having at least one Si—bonded radical A of the formula
(Si)-L.sup.1-[X.sup.1-L.sup.2-].sub.yX.sup.2  (I) where L.sup.1 are divalent, Si—C-bonded C.sub.1-18 hydrocarbon radicals, L.sup.2 are divalent C.sub.1-6 hydrocarbon radicals, X.sup.1 is a radical —O—, —NZ—, —NR.sup.2— or —S—, X.sup.2 is a radical —O—Z, —NH—Z, —NR.sup.2—Z, —S—Z, Z is a radical —C(═O)—CHR.sup.3—C(═O)—CH.sub.2R.sup.3, R.sup.2 is a monovalent C.sub.1-18 hydrocarbon radical, R.sup.3 is a monovalent, optionally substituted C.sub.12 hydrocarbon radical atoms, y is 0, 1, 2 or 3 (B) at least one salt of a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having at least 10 carbon atoms, and (C) water, with the proviso that no nonionic emulsifier having an HLB of less than 15 is present.

Aqueous emulsions contain: (A) β-ketocarbonyl-functional organosilicon compounds having at least one Si—bonded radical A of the formula
(Si)-L.sup.1-[X.sup.1-L.sup.2-].sub.yX.sup.2  (I) where L.sup.1 are divalent, Si—C-bonded C.sub.1-18 hydrocarbon radicals, L.sup.2 are divalent C.sub.1-6 hydrocarbon radicals, X.sup.1 is a radical —O—, —NZ—, —NR.sup.2— or —S—, X.sup.2 is a radical —O—Z, —NH—Z, —NR.sup.2—Z, —S—Z, Z is a radical —C(═O)—CHR.sup.3—C(═O)—CH.sub.2R.sup.3, R.sup.2 is a monovalent C.sub.1-18 hydrocarbon radical, R.sup.3 is a monovalent, optionally substituted C.sub.12 hydrocarbon radical atoms, y is 0, 1, 2 or 3 (B) at least one salt of a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having at least 10 carbon atoms, and (C) water, with the proviso that no nonionic emulsifier having an HLB of less than 15 is present.

The present invention provides a method for covering a substrate, and includes the following operations: (a) admixing at least four different silane monomers and at least one bi-silane to a first solvent(s) to form a mixture, with the proviso that at least one of the silane monomers or the bi-silane comprises an active group capable of achieving cross-linking to adjacent siloxane polymer chains of the siloxane polymer composition; (b) subjecting the mixture to an acid treatment so that the silane monomers are at least partially hydrolysed, and the hydrolysed silane monomers, the silane monomers and the bi-silane are at least partially polymerized and cross-linked; (c) optionally changing the first solvent to a second solvent; and (d) subjecting the mixture to further cross-linking of the siloxane polymer to achieve a predetermined degree of cross-linking, depositing the siloxane polymer composition on the substrate, and optionally curing the deposited siloxane polymer composition.

A composition which provides a coating film having excellent foul releasing property is disclosed. The composition comprises, based on the solid contents of the composition: (A) 20 to 80 weight % of a resin which has a polydialkylsiloxane unit and an epoxy resin unit within its structure; (B) 0.1 to 5 weight % of an amino silane; (C) 0.5 to 5 weight % of a hydrophilic additive; and (D) 0.1 to 5 weight % of a catalyst. A coating, e.g. a coating film, formed from the composition generally has an amphiphilic surface. Thus, the composition is suitable for coatings which prevent both hydrophobic and hydrophilic fouling.

There is provided herein a coating composition including an organic binder and a combination of a hydrolyzable or hydrolyzed polysiloxane and a epoxy-functional polysiloxane optionally with a hardener. There is also provided a paint including the same and a process of making the coating composition.

Disclosed are polyurethane-polysiloxane hybrid coating compositions (PUPSHCC) and their uses, processes for their preparation, and substrates incorporating the coating compositions.