Super-soft foam materials, optionally for use as medical dressings, are provided. The pads are made of a foam prepared from NCO-terminated prepolymers in combination with an aqueous phase including fatty alcohols and alkyl polysaccharides. The foam may optionally contain at least one medicinal agent.

Aromatic polyester polyols with high functionality, moderate viscosity, and high aromatic content suitable as the sole polyol in the production of polyurethane foams without the use of any polyether polyols are disclosed. This unique combination of properties makes them suit for use as the sole polyol in the production of polyurethane foams. With reduction of flame retardants, these foams based on sole aromatic polyol can have E-84 class one fire properties. The aromatic polyester polyols of this invention are characterized as having a functionality of greater than 2.8 while having a moderate viscosity ranging from 4,000-10,000 cps @ 25 C. A typical high functional polyester polyol of the present invention has a hydroxyl number in the range of 320-400, viscosity of 4,000-10,000 cps @ 25 C, functionality of greater than 2.8 and percent phenyl content greater than 14.75.

Polyurethane/polyisocyanurate foam insulation described herein is derived from a composition that contains an organic polyisocyanate, an isocyanate reactive material containing at least about 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of an aromatic polyester polyol, a hydrocarbon blowing agent, a first catalyst selected from the group consisting of a carboxylate salt of an alkali metal, a carboxylate salt of an alkaline earth metal, a carboxylate salt of a quaternary ammonium, and combinations thereof, and a second catalyst comprising a non-reactive tertiary amine, wherein a molar ratio of the first catalyst to the second catalyst is less than about 1.25, the composition gels quickly, and the composition has an isocyanate index greater than about 175. Such an insulating foam has a ratio of thermal conductivity at 75° F. to thermal conductivity at 25° F. between about 0.98 and about 1.10.

A rigid polyurethane foam formulation comprising a polyester polyol having a hydroxyl number of from 150 to 600 mg KOH/g and a functionality of at least 2, a blowing agent comprising water and an auxiliary blowing agent, a non-silicone organic surfactant, greater than 0.1% to less than 3.7% of a cyclic siloxane, by weight based on the total weight of the foam formulation, a catalyst, and optionally a flame retardant; and a polyisocyanate; such that the isocyanate index is in the range of from 100 to 500, a rigid polyurethane foam formed from the foam formulation; and a method of forming a rigid polyurethane foam.

A rigid polyurethane foam which is a polymerization product of a composition including a concentrated acid hydrolytic lignin, a polyol, and an isocyanate, and a method of preparing the rigid polyurethane foam.

An exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure provides a polyurethane core for use in a floor or wall panel, the core comprising a polyol made, at least in part, from one or more recycled materials, and an isocyanate.

A process for making a molded flexible foam. The processes includes: (a) depositing a foam-forming reaction mixture onto a surface of a mold cavity, and (b) allowing the foam-forming reaction mixture to react in the mold cavity. The foam-forming reaction mixture includes: (1) a polyisocyanate present in an amount of less than 45% by weight, based on the total weight of the reaction mixture; (2) an isocyanate-reactive composition; (3) a blowing agent; and (4) a catalyst. The isocyanate-reactive composition includes: (i) at least 50% by weight, based on the total weight of polyol in the isocyanate-reactive composition, of a polyether polyol having a functionality of greater than 2, an oxyethylene content of 0 to 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the polyether polyol, more than 50 mol % of primary OH groups and an OH number of 8 to 112 mg KOH/g; and (ii) a component comprising: (A) an amine-initiated polyether polyol (II), wherein amine-initiated polyether polyol (II) has an OH number of at least 500 mg KOH/g and a functionality of 2.5 to 4, and wherein amine-initiated polyether polyol (II) is present in an amount of greater than 0 and no more than 10% by weight, based on the total weight of polyol in the isocyanate-reactive composition; (B) a CO.sub.2-producing carbamic acid which is present in an amount of greater than 0 and no more than 10% by weight, based on the total weight of polyol in the isocyanate-reactive composition; or (C) both (A) and (B).

A process and composition is described for the inclusion of polyether polyols in concentrations greater than 10% loading on the B-side formulation with a catalyst package less than 1% loading on the B-side formulation. In one specific example, the use of glycerin as a fluorine ion scavenger is utilized to improve performance of the polyurethane systems through a twelve-month shelf life.

Formulated polyol compositions contain a terephthalic acid-based polyester polyol, a C4-7 hydrocarbon blowing agent, and a nonionic surfactant that has a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of greater than 13 to 18.5. The formulated polyol compositions exhibit surprisingly good storage stability and resist stratifying into layers. The compositions are useful to make rigid polyurethane and/or polyisocyanurate foams. The good compatibility of the blowing agent leads to improved cell structure in the foams.

This disclosure provides methods for the chemical modification of triglycerides that are highly enriched in specific fatty acids and subsequent use thereof for producing functionally versatile polymers.