A foamable polyurethane resin composition includes a polyisocyanate material, a polyol material, water, and a catalyst. The polyisocyanate material contains 1,4-H.sub.6XDI; the polyol material contains crystalline PTMEG and noncrystalline PTMEG and/or PPG; the total amount of the crystalline PTMEG, the noncrystalline PTMEG, and PPG is 90% by mass or more with respect to the total amount of the polyol material; and a ratio of the crystalline PTMEG is 60% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less with respect to the total amount of the crystalline PTMEG, the noncrystalline PTMEG, and PPG.

A polishing pad includes a polyurethane, wherein the polyurethane includes a fluorinated repeating unit represented by Formula 1, wherein the number of defects on a substrate after polishing with the polishing pad and a fumed silica slurry is 40 or less; ##STR00001## wherein R.sub.11 and R.sub.12 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl groups, and fluorine, with the proviso that at least one of R.sub.11 and R.sub.12 is fluorine, L is a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkylene group or —O—, R.sub.13 and R.sub.14 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl groups, and fluorine, with the proviso that at least one of R.sub.13 and R.sub.14 is fluorine, and n and m are each independently an integer from 0 to 20, with the proviso that n and m are not simultaneously 0.

A polyurethane foam may include an isocyanate polymer component and a polyol component. The polyol component may include a polyol having a molecular weight of at least about 500 kg/mol and not greater than about 6000 kg/mol. The polyurethane foam may have an elongation of at least about 500%. The polyurethane foam may further have a density of at least about 250 g/L and a tensile strength of not greater than about 1000 kPa.

A method for synthesising polyurethane foam compositions convenient for use in areas wherein rigidity and lightness are required together in automotive sector and including the steps of: conduct of polyol dosage adjustment, adding inflating reaction catalyser onto polyol of convenient amount and mixing at mechanical mixture, adding glycerine while mixing is continued, adding surfactive while mixing is continued, adding gelling reaction catalyser while mixing is continued, adding cell opening agent while mixing is continued, adding cell opening agent while mixing is continued, adding at least an inflating agent selected from a group consisting of n-pentane, cyclo-pentane, C.sub.3H.sub.8O.sub.2 gas and C.sub.2H.sub.4O.sub.2 gas while mixing is continued, conduct of temperature adjustment of polyol base mixture, conduct of isocyanide dosage adjustment in a separate place, injecting polyol base mixture into reaction container from one side and isocyanides from other side, conduct of temperature control during reaction and opening mold and removing final product.

A method for the synthesis of an auxetic polyurethane foam with a defined cell structure and an auxetic polyurethane foam substrate obtainable by a method according to the invention. The method includes mixing a polyol reagent and a foaming reagent, forming a reaction mixture, mixing an isocyanate with the reaction mixture, compressing and/or contracting the isocyanate/reaction mixture, and allowing the compressed and/or contracted isocyanate/reaction mixture to cure.

A biodegradable foam which includes a polyester-based polyurethane foam and a mixture comprised of a soil-dwelling carbon-digesting bacteria embedded in a carrier compound. The mixture of the soil-dwelling carbon-digesting bacteria is homogenously dispersed throughout the polyester-based polyurethane foam. This biodegradable foam exhibits biodegradation rates higher than a polyester-based polyurethane foam absent the soil-dwelling carbon-digesting bacteria.

The invention relates to a method for producing a polyurethane foam, wherein a mixture having the following is discharged from a mixing head through a discharge line: A) a component reactive toward isocyanates; B) a surfactant component; C) a blowing agent component selected from the group comprising linear, branched, or cyclic C1 to C6 hydrocarbons, linear, branched, or cyclic C1 to C6 fluorocarbons, N2, O2, argon, and/or CO2, wherein the blowing agent C) is present in the supercritical or near-critical state; and D) a polyisocyanate component. The component A) has a hydroxyl value=100 mg KOH/g and =1000 mg KOH/g. The blowing agent component C) is present at least partially in the form of an emulsion, and means provided with an opening or several openings are arranged in the discharge line in order to increase the flow resistance during the discharge of the mixture comprising A), B), C), and D), wherein the cross-sectional area of the opening or the sum of the cross-sectional areas of all openings is =0.1% and =99.9% of the inner cross-sectional area of the discharge line.

A process for preparing polyurethane composites includes (i) providing a dispersion of nanocrystalline cellulose in (a) one or more polyols, (b) one or more isocyanates, or (c) one or more polyols and one or more isocyanate, mixed together; wherein the amount of water in the nanocrystalline cellulose is less than about 1% w/w; (ii) mixing the dispersion of (i)(a) with an isocyanate or (i)(b) with a polyol and a catalyst to allow polymerization; or mixing the dispersion of (i)(c) and a catalyst to allow polymerization; and (iii) isolating the polyurethane composite. A method for improving properties of polyurethanes includes dispersing nanocrystalline cellulose into one or both parts of a two part polyol/isocyanate precursors prior to allowing polymerization of the precursors, wherein the amount of water in the nanocrystalline cellulose is less than about 1% w/w; mixing the dispersion with a catalyst; and polymerizing the precursors to provide the polyurethane.

The present invention relates to an extruded expanded thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer bead and a preparation method therefor. The bead consists of components of the following parts by weight: 100 parts by weight of a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, 0.01-0.5 parts of a foaming nucleating agent, and 0.01-0.2 parts by weight of an antioxidant. The preparation method comprises: mixing materials, then putting the mixture into an extruder for granulation to produce a particle raw material suitable for foaming, finally, putting the particle into a foam extruder, and die foaming then underwater pelletizing, thus obtaining a product bead. The present invention utilizes an extrusion method to prepare expanded thermoplastic polyurethane beads. Control of the working conditions of the foaming process could lead to acquiring an expanded=bead of a controllable density, the cell density evenly distribute. The overall production process is easy to operate. Without any special limit or requirement placed on the equipment, this method is suitable for industrial continuous production.

The present disclosure relates to a method for making a non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) foam, where the method includes decomposing a blowing agent having at least one of an amine carbamate salt and/or an amine bicarbonate salt to form a diamine and CO.sub.2 in the presence of a molecule comprising a plurality of cyclic carbonate functional groups and reacting the diamine with at least a portion of the cyclic carbonate functional groups to form the NIPU foam. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the reacting and the decomposing may occur at substantially the same rate.