In one or more embodiments, the present invention provides a method of forming compact, flexible, stable and biocompatible conducting polymer coating for bioelectronics devices. In one or more embodiments, the present invention relates to a novel method of synthesizing a sulfobetaine-functionalized conjugated polymer platform using 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) as the conducting backbone (SBEDOT). This SBEDOT monomer is highly water-soluble and can be directly polymerized to form a densely packed film/coating on conductive or semi-conductive surfaces through electro-polymerization in a 100% aqueous solution without the need for organic solvents or surfactants. These polySBEDOT (PSBEDOT) coated surfaces have been shown to have electro-switchable antimicrobial/antifouling properties and excellent electrically conducting properties, which minimize infection, increase biocompatibility, and improve the performance of bioelectronics.

A method for depositing coating onto a substrate includes providing a monomer for creation of a protective coating on a substrate, energizing the monomer with a plasma generation system, and polymerizing the energized monomer onto the substrate in a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) chamber.

The invention relates to a photodiode, like an photovoltaic (OPV) cell or photodetector (OPD), comprising, between the photoactive layer and an electrode, a hole selective layer (HSL) for modifying the work function of the electrode and/or the photoactive layer, wherein the HSL comprises a fluoropolymer and optionally a conductive polymer, and to a composition comprising such a fluoropolymer and a conductive polymer.

The present invention relates to a fused heteropolycyclic compound represented by formulae (1) and (2), a method for producing the same, and a method for producing a conductive polymer represented by formulae (3) and (4) in which at least one compound represented by formula (2) is used (the symbols in the formulae are as described in the description). The method of the present invention is a method for producing a sulfo-group-containing polyisothianaphthene capable of reducing the use amount of an oxidant or capable of being polymerized without the use of any oxidant.

Embodiments of the presently disclosed technology provide a synergistic combination of a conjugated open-shell donor-acceptor polymer with a carbon-based compound (e.g., reduced graphene oxide) to produce a composite electrode material which demonstrates state-of-the-art capacitance and potential window, with excellent kinetics and cycle life. The conjugated open-shell donor-acceptor polymer may comprise a plurality of alternating electron-rich monomers (i.e., donors) and electron-deficient monomers (i.e., acceptors) bonded together via a conjugated backbone. The conjugated backbone may comprise a connection of n-orbitals of the plurality of monomers in alternating single and double bonds that facilitates unpaired electron delocalizationthereby stabilizing charge for the polymer. The carbon-based compound of the composite electrode material may provide porous, conductive scaffolds for the composite electrode material, resulting in electrodes scalable to microns-thick films with fast kinetics.

The present invention discloses an organic polymer film and a manufacturing method thereof. The organic polymer film is mainly manufactured by the following steps. Firstly, the step (A) provides a xylene precursor and a substrate, and the step (B) places the substrate inside of a plasma equipment. After that, the step (C) evacuates the plasma equipment while introducing a carrier gas which carries vapor of the xylene precursor, and the step (D) turns on a pulse power supply system of the plasma equipment, generating a short pulse for plasma ignition. Finally, the step (E) forms the organic polymer film on the substrate. In the aforementioned steps, the frequency of the short pulse plasma is between 1 Hz?10,000 Hz, and the pulse period of the short pulse plasma is between 1 ?s?60 ?s.

Co-polymers formed from at least one monomer of formula (A) and at least one monomer of formula (B): (A) (B) wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and L are as defined herein; may be dispersed or dissolved in an organic solvent which optionally contains carbon nanostructures. A substrate coated or printed with the dispersion or solution may be used in an electrochromic device.

A solid electrolytic capacitor is obtained by a method which includes dissolving a polymerizable material for being converted into a conductive polymer in a water-soluble organic solvent to obtain a solution, adding the solution to water while homogenizing the solution to obtain a sol, immersing an anode body having a dielectric layer in the surface of the anode body in the sol, and applying voltage using the anode body as a positive electrode and a counter electrode as a negative electrode placed in the sol to electropolymerize the polymerizable material. An electropolymerizable liquid for producing a conductive polymer, the liquid composed of a sol comprising water, a water-soluble organic solvent, and a polymerizable material for being converted into the conductive polymer.

The present disclosure is directed to methods of making a polymer, including exposing a reaction mixture including a strained cyclic unsaturated monomer and an organic initiator to a stimulus to provide an activated organic initiator, whereby the activated organic initiator is effective to polymerize the strained cyclic unsaturated monomer via a 4-membered carbocyclic intermediate to provide a polymer having constitutional units derived from the strained cyclic unsaturated monomer.

The present invention generally relates to the field of conducting polymers. More specifically, the present invention relates to polymerisable monomers comprising a probe capable of binding one or more nucleic acids or comprising a nucleic acid or an analogue thereof, conducting polymers comprising monomer units of such monomers, and methods of making such polymers. The present invention also relates to sensors comprising the polymers, sensor systems comprising the sensors, methods of making the sensors, and methods for determining the presence or absence or amount of targets employing the sensors. The present invention also relates to methods, systems and apparatuses for amplifying nucleic acids employing the conducting polymers.