Disclosed is a bis-imide compound comprising two or more aryl moieties substituted with ethynyl moieties and the two or more aryl moieties each having one or more polar substituents. Further disclosed is a polymer composition comprising a copolymer polymerized from a monomer mixture of (a) one or more first monomers comprising a bis-imide compound comprising two or more aryl moieties substituted with ethynyl moieties and the two or more aryl moieties each having one or more polar substituents; and (b) one or more second monomers comprising two or more cyclopentadienone moieties. The polymer compositions exhibit favorable properties for use in electronics and displays applications.

Disclosed is a coating comprising a polymeric layer, wherein the polymeric layer comprises a reaction product of a first monomer comprising two or more aromatic acetylene groups and a second monomer comprising two or more cyclopentadienone groups, or a cured product of the reaction product. The coating may or may not additionally contain a crosslinker and/or a thermal acid generator. Optical thin films made from the coatings exhibit refractive indices that make them useful as interlayers for matching refractive indices between adjacent layers of display devices; thereby improving device output efficiency.

This is to provide a non-halogen containing compound excellent in proton conductivity and capable of suitably being used for a polymer electrolytic fuel cell

The compound of the present invention has a structure represented by the following general formula (I).

##STR00001##

(In the above-mentioned general formula (I), l and n are molar fractions when l+n=1.0, and 0l<1.0 and 0<n1.0, A represents a structure represented by the following general formula (II) or (III), B represents a structure represented by the following general formula (VII), the respective structural units are random copolymerized, and at least one benzene ring in the formula (I) has at least one sulfo group.)

##STR00002##

(In the above-mentioned general formula (II) or (III), R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are each independently selected from hydrogen and an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, le and R.sup.2 form together with the carbon atom, they are attached to, an aromatic ring or a fused aromatic ring and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 form together with the carbon atom, they are attached to, an aromatic ring or a fused aromatic ring, or R.sup.1, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are hydrogens and R.sup.2 is a single bond and bonded to the carbon of c, X is a single bond, or a structure represented by the following formula (IV), the following formula (V) or the following formula (VI), when X is a single bond, bonds as are both bonded at ortho positions or both bonded at meta positions relative to the carbons bonded to X, when X is a structure represented by the following formula (IV), bonds as are both bonded at para positions relative to the carbons bonded to X, and when it is a structure represented by the following formula (V), bonds as are both bonded at para positions or both bonded at meta positions relative to the carbons bonded to x, when X is a structure represented by the following formula (VI), the bonds as in the above-mentioned general formula (II) or (III) exist only one of these, and A binds to other structure or a structural unit by one of the bonds as and the bond b.)

##STR00003##

Certain cyclopentadienone monomers having polar moieties are useful in forming polyarylene resins having improved solubility in certain organic solvents and are useful in forming polyarylene resin layers in electronics applications.

Described herein are anionic phenylene oligomers and polymers, and devices including these materials. The oligomers and polymers can be prepared in a convenient and well-controlled manner, and can be used in cation exchange 5 membranes. Also described is the controlled synthesis of anionic phenylene monomers and their use in synthesizing anionic oligomers and polymers, with precise control of the position and number of anionic groups.

A hardmask composition, a hardmask layer, and a method of forming patterns, the composition including a solvent; and a polymer that includes a substituted biphenylene structural unit, wherein one phenylene of the biphenylene of the substituted biphenylene structural unit is substituted with at least one of a hydroxy-substituted C6 to C30 aryl group, and a hydroxy-substituted C3 to C30 heteroaryl group.

The present invention provides a method of producing polymer particles by precipitation polymerisation, the method comprising: providing a reaction solution comprising (i) solvent, (ii) a photo-active compound that upon being subjected to a wavelength of light forms two o-quinodimethane structures, and (iii) a multi-dienophile compound; subjecting the reaction solution to the wavelength of light, which promotes step-growth Diels-Alder polymerisation of the photo-active and multi-dienophile compounds; wherein as a result of the step-growth Diels-Alder polymerisation polymer precipitates from the reaction solution and self-assembles into the polymer particles.

Provided is a mixture which can be subjected to a Diels-Alder reaction, comprising polymer (I) and polymer (II), wherein the structures of the polymer (I) and the polymer (II) are as shown in (I),

##STR00001##

wherein x1, y1, x2, y2, z1 and z2 are percentage molar contents; said x1 is >0, x2 is >0, y1 is >0, y2 is >0, z1 is 0, and z2 is 0; x1+y1+z1, and x2+y2+z2=1; Ar1, Ar2, Ar2-1, Ar3, Ar4 and Ar4-1 are each independently selected from: an aryl, or heteroaryl group containing 5-40 ring atoms; R1 and R2 are each independently a linking group; D is a conjugated diene functional group, and A is a dienophilic functional group; and n1 is greater than 0, and n2 is greater than 0. The mixture for a Diels-Alder reaction has a very good optical performance.

Described herein are anionic phenylene oligomers and polymers, and devices including these materials. The oligomers and polymers can be prepared in a convenient and well-controlled manner, and can be used in cation exchange membranes. Also described is the controlled synthesis of anionic phenylene monomers and their use in synthesizing anionic oligomers and polymers, with precise control of the position and number of anionic groups.

The present invention relates to anionic exchange polymers including a poly(phenylene) structure. The structure can include any useful cationic moiety. Methods and uses of such structures and polymers are also described herein. In one instance, such polymers are employed to form a solid membrane.