The present application can provide a preparation method capable of preparing a desired polymer or conductive polymer film with excellent polymerization efficiency and conversion rates without consumption or modulation in the polymerization process, and a polymer and a conductive polymer film formed by the method. The present application can provide a method for preparing a polymer or a conductive polymer film having a desired level of transparency and conductivity, wherein desired physical properties such as solubility in a solvent or resistance to a solvent are effectively imparted thereto as necessary, and a polymer and a conductive polymer film formed by the method.

An aqueous emulsion composition of organic peroxide without a protective colloid agent wherein the emulsifying agent is a nonionic surfactant chosen exclusively from a block copolymer including at least one alkylene oxide block, a block copolymer including at least two alkylene oxide blocks, an alkoxylated fatty alcohol, an alkoxylated fatty acid, an alkoxylated vegetable or animal oil (hydrogenated or not) or a mixture of a plurality of these elements. Also, a method for producing this composition and specific uses thereof.

The present specification relates to a polymer including a first unit of Chemical Formula 1; a second unit of Chemical Formula 2; and a third unit of Chemical Formula 3 or 4, and an organic solar cell including the same.

Compositions are included comprising heterocyclic organic compounds based on fused thiophene compounds, polymers based on fused thiophene compounds, and methods for making the monomers and polymer along with uses in thin film-based and other devices.

A nanoparticle including at least one amphiphilic molecule and a polymer compound having a constitutional unit represented by Formula (1):

##STR00001## wherein, Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.2 represent a trivalent aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or a trivalent aromatic heterocyclic group; X and Y represent O, S, C(O), S(O), SO.sub.2, CR.sub.2, SiR.sub.2, NR, BR, PR, or P(O)(R); and R represents an alkyl group, aryl group, or the like; and n represents an integer of 1 or more.

A light emitting device contains an anode, cathode, and two organic layers provided therebetween. One organic layer contains a phosphorescent compound, the second organic layer contains a block copolymer containing an end group, a block that binds to the end group and/or a block that does not bind to the end group, and a crosslinked product of the block copolymer. The non-terminal block contains a non-crosslinkable unit represented by the formula (X) and/or a non-crosslinkable unit represented by the formula (Z). At least one of X.sub.I>X.sub.II; Z.sub.I>Z.sub.II; X.sub.I+Z.sub.I>X.sub.II+Z.sub.II is satisfied when the total number of units having formula (X) and the total number of units having formula (Z) in the non-terminal block are X.sub.I and Z.sub.I, respectively, and the total number of units having formula (X) and the total number of units having formula (Z) in the terminal block are X.sub.II and Z.sub.II, respectively.

A block copolymer includes an end group, a block that binds to the end group, and a block that does not bind to the end group. The block that does not bind to the end group contains at least one non-crosslinkable constitutional unit represented by the formula (X) and/or at least one non-crosslinkable constitutional unit represented by the formula (Z). At least one of formulas (i) X.sub.I>X.sub.II, (ii) Z.sub.I>Z.sub.II and (iii) X.sub.I+Z.sub.I>X.sub.II+Z.sub.II is satisfied when the total number of non-crosslinkable constitutional units represented by formulas (X) and (Z) in the block that does not bind to the end group are represented by X.sub.I and Z.sub.I, respectively, and the total number of non-crosslinkable constitutional units represented by formulas (X) and (Z) in the block that binds to the end group are represented by X.sub.II and Z.sub.II, respectively.

An organic compound comprising:

##STR00001##

In this organic compound, W is selected from the group consisting of: S, Se, O, and N-Q; and Q is selected from the group consisting of: a straight-chain or branched carbyl, silyl, or hydrocarbyl, a branched or cyclic alkyl with 1 to 30 atoms, a fused substituted aromatic ring, and a fused unsubstituted aromatic ring. Additionally, in this organic compound Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 are independently selected from the group selected from: H, an aryl group, and a heteroaryl group.

A method of reacting bis(R.sub.1) 5,5-dibromo-3,4-difluoro-[2,2:5,2:5,2-quaterthiophene]-3,3-dicarboxylate and bis(R.sub.2) 5,5-dibromo-3,4-difluoro-[2,2:5,2:5,2-quaterthiophene]-3,3-dicarboxylate to form the polymer:

##STR00001##

In this polymer R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are independently selected from the group consisting of: a halogen, a substituted alkyl, an unsubstituted alkyl, a substituted aryl, an unsubstituted aryl, a substituted heteroaryl and an unsubstituted heteroaryl.

An organic photovoltaic device comprising a polymer:

##STR00001##

and an acceptor. In this organic photovoltaic device, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are independently selected from the group consisting of: a halogen, a substituted alkyl, an unsubstituted alkyl, a substituted aryl, an unsubstituted aryl, a substituted heteroaryl and an unsubstituted heteroaryl.